aux: auxiliary
An aux (auxiliary) of a clause is a function word associated with a verbal predicate that expresses categories such as tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality.
The Classical Armenian, the relation is ascribed to some AUX, which function as parts of analytical verb forms. These include: եմ/em “to be”, its perfective counterpart լինիմ/linim “to become”, and տամ/tam “to give”. The auxiliaries եմ and լինիմ are used in the following constructions:
- The copula with non-verbal predicates, including predicates of location.
- Periphrastic past tenses (present form of եմ + past participle, imperfect form of եմ + past participle, aorist form of լինիմ + past participle of the main verb).
- Periphrastic future/subjunctive tenses (present subjunctive form of եմ + past participle, present subjunctive form of լինիմ + past participle, aorist subjunctive form of լինիմ + past participle of the main verb).
այսպէս գրեալ է ի ձեռն մարգարէին ։ \n thus it is written by the prophet .
aux(գրեալ, է)
aux(written, is)
The auxiliary տամ is used to form periphrastic causative and is labelled aux:caus.
References
Jensen, Hans. 1959. Altarmenische Grammatik. Heidelberg: Winter.
Kölligan, Daniel. 2021. The perfect in Classical Armenian. In: R. Crellin, Th. Jügel (eds.), Perfects in Indo-European Languages and Beyond. Benjamins: 352–376.
aux in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]