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aux: auxiliary

The aux relation occurs between a verb and and auxiliary. In general, Basque verbs encode only aspect, while temporal and agreement features show up in the auxiliary, as well as transitivity.

There are mainly two auxiliary lemmas izan (to be) corresponding to intransitives and ukan (to have) corresponding to transitives.

Even if Basque word order is quite free, the auxiliary can only appear right after the verb in non-negative sentences, and right after the negation in negative sentences.

• Example of an auxiliary in an intransitive sentence (auxiliary lemma izan/to be):

Bi zati hauek markaturik dauden tokietatik tolesten dira .

These two parts fold by the places that are marked .

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Bi zati hauek markaturik dauden tokietatik tolesten dira . \n Two parts these marked are_that sites_the_by fold .

det(zati-2, Bi-1)
nsubj(tolesten-7, zati-2)
det(zati-2, hauek-3)
acl(tokietatik-6, markaturik-4)
cop(markaturik-4, dauden-5)
nmod(tolesten-7, tokietatik-6)
aux(tolesten-7, dira-8)
punct(tolesten-7, .-9)
{
    "text": "Bi zati hauek markaturik dauden tokietatik tolesten dira . \n Two parts these marked are_that sites_the_by fold . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 32, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 43, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 52, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 57, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 61, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 65, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 71, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 77, 83 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 84, 92 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 93, 105 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 106, 110 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 111, 112 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R7", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R8", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R9", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

• Example of an auxiliary in a transitive sentence (auxiliary lemma ukan/to have):

Eztabaida handia sortu du aldaketak .

The change has caused a huge discussion .

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Eztabaida handia sortu du aldaketak . \n Discussion huge_a caused has change_the .

amod(Eztabaida-1, handia-2)
nobj(sortu-3, Eztabaida-1)
aux(sortu-3, du-4)
nsubj(sortu-3, aldaketak-5)
punct(sortu-3, .-6)
{
    "text": "Eztabaida handia sortu du aldaketak . \n Discussion huge_a caused has change_the . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 26, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 58, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 65, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 69, 79 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 80, 81 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "nobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

aux in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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