VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
In Slovenian, the VERB tag covers all verbs (including content, modal and copula verbs), except for the auxiliary verb biti “to be”, which is tagged as AUX.
Word forms that etymologically derive from verbs, but have different syntactic properties, such as adjectival participles (ukraden “stolen”, pokrit “covered”), transgressives (upoštevaje “taking into account”, začenši “starting”) and gerunds (govorjenje “speaking”, zavrnitev “rejection”, gretje “heating”), are marked as adjectives, adverbs or nouns respectively.
Examples
- imeti “to have”, vedeti “to know”, dobiti “to get”
- morati “to must”, moči “to be able to”, postati “to become”
- začeti “to start, iti “to go”, priti “to come”
Conversion from JOS
All verbs with Type=main have been converted to VERB. Additionally, those instances of verb biti with Type=auxiliary that do not bear the PPart dependency relation to a main verb have also been converted to VERB.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)
There are 2366 VERB lemmas (14%), 6133 VERB types (19%) and 17310 VERB tokens (12%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: biti, imeti, morati, iti, začeti, moči, priti, vedeti, dobiti, povedati
The 10 most frequent VERB types: je, so, bila, bil, bilo, ni, bo, ima, bili, gre
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: biti (AUX 7147, VERB 3788), peti (ADJ 6, VERB 5)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: je (AUX 3057, VERB 1508, PRON 14), so (AUX 1089, VERB 473), bila (VERB 259, AUX 4), bil (VERB 247, AUX 11), ni (AUX 247, VERB 239), bo (AUX 376, VERB 171), bili (VERB 111, AUX 6), mora (VERB 56, NOUN 2), pomeni (VERB 44, NOUN 1), niso (AUX 84, VERB 41)
- je
- so
- bila
- bil
- ni
- bo
- bili
- mora
- pomeni
- niso
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.592139 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).
The 1st highest number of forms (34) was observed with the lemma “biti”: Bodi, bi, bijejo, bil, bila, bile, bili, bilo, biti, bla, blo, bo, bodite, bodo, bom, bomo, bosta, boste, boš, je, ni, nisem, nisi, nismo, niso, nista, niste, sem, si, smo, so, sta, ste, sva.
The 2nd highest number of forms (21) was observed with the lemma “imeti”: ima, imajo, imam, imamo, imata, imate, imava, imaš, imejte, imel, imela, imele, imeli, imelo, imeti, nima, nimajo, nimam, nimamo, nimate, nimaš.
The 3rd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “hoteti”: Hočeš, Nočemo, hotel, hotela, hotele, hoteli, hoče, hočejo, hočem, hočemo, hočeta, hočete, noče, nočejo, nočem, nočete, nočeš.
VERB occurs with 8 features: VerbForm (17310; 100% instances), Number (15900; 92% instances), Aspect (12449; 72% instances), Mood (8257; 48% instances), Person (8256; 48% instances), Tense (7982; 46% instances), Gender (7644; 44% instances), Negative (3122; 18% instances)
VERB occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, VerbForm=Sup
VERB occurs with 110 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part (1563 tokens).
Examples: povedal, dejal, postal, rekel, prišel, začel, dobil, odločil, vzel, dodal
Relations
VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: root (6202; 36% instances), cop (2805; 16% instances), acl (2014; 12% instances), conj (1557; 9% instances), parataxis (1221; 7% instances), advcl (1101; 6% instances), ccomp (974; 6% instances), xcomp (917; 5% instances), csubj (515; 3% instances), mwe (4; 0% instances)
Parents of VERB nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: ROOT (6202; 36% instances), VERB (5357; 31% instances), NOUN (2691; 16% instances), ADJ (2638; 15% instances), PRON (278; 2% instances), PROPN (127; 1% instances), NUM (13; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)
2921 (17%) VERB nodes are leaves.
718 (4%) VERB nodes have one child.
1323 (8%) VERB nodes have two children.
12348 (71%) VERB nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a VERB node is 13.
Children of VERB nodes are attached using 21 different relations: punct (12888; 20% instances), nmod (8539; 13% instances), advmod (7755; 12% instances), dobj (6775; 11% instances), aux (6442; 10% instances), nsubj (5567; 9% instances), mark (3914; 6% instances), expl (2292; 4% instances), cc (1801; 3% instances), conj (1497; 2% instances), parataxis (1298; 2% instances), xcomp (1247; 2% instances), ccomp (1137; 2% instances), advcl (1104; 2% instances), neg (632; 1% instances), iobj (603; 1% instances), csubj (280; 0% instances), discourse (51; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (10; 0% instances), dep (6; 0% instances), mwe (1; 0% instances)
Children of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (16234; 25% instances), PUNCT (12888; 20% instances), AUX (6436; 10% instances), PRON (6022; 9% instances), VERB (5357; 8% instances), ADV (4569; 7% instances), SCONJ (3695; 6% instances), PART (3174; 5% instances), CONJ (2653; 4% instances), PROPN (1559; 2% instances), ADJ (1065; 2% instances), NUM (109; 0% instances), X (27; 0% instances), DET (23; 0% instances), ADP (17; 0% instances), INTJ (11; 0% instances)
VERB in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]