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parataxis: parataxis

The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination.

When multiple parataxes are present in a single sentence, they get a flat structure, not a hierarchical one, even if they form a temporal sequence.

All else being equal, the leftmost phrase should be the head, but in rare situations the parataxis can go ``backwards’’:


Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

1856 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.

1777 instances of parataxis (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 10.9913793103448.

The following 64 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: VERB-VERB (654; 35% instances), NOUN-VERB (226; 12% instances), ADJ-VERB (146; 8% instances), VERB-NOUN (136; 7% instances), VERB-ADJ (126; 7% instances), NOUN-NOUN (113; 6% instances), NOUN-ADJ (44; 2% instances), PROPN-NOUN (42; 2% instances), ADJ-ADJ (41; 2% instances), ADJ-NOUN (40; 2% instances), PROPN-VERB (40; 2% instances), NUM-VERB (30; 2% instances), PROPN-PROPN (25; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (17; 1% instances), ADV-VERB (14; 1% instances), NOUN-PROPN (12; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (12; 1% instances), VERB-PRON (11; 1% instances), VERB-NUM (9; 0% instances), VERB-X (9; 0% instances), NUM-ADJ (8; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (7; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (7; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (6; 0% instances), PROPN-ADJ (6; 0% instances), X-VERB (6; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (5; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (5; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (4; 0% instances), PROPN-SYM (4; 0% instances), DET-VERB (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (3; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (3; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (3; 0% instances), ADJ-AUX (2; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (2; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (2; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (2; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (2; 0% instances), VERB-AUX (2; 0% instances), VERB-DET (2; 0% instances), VERB-PART (2; 0% instances), X-NOUN (2; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (1; 0% instances), ADJ-X (1; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (1; 0% instances), ADV-PART (1; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), AUX-ADJ (1; 0% instances), AUX-VERB (1; 0% instances), INTJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), INTJ-VERB (1; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (1; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-X (1; 0% instances), NUM-NUM (1; 0% instances), NUM-PROPN (1; 0% instances), PART-NOUN (1; 0% instances), PART-VERB (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (1; 0% instances).


parataxis in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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