parataxis: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination.
Let 's face it we 're annoyed
parataxis(Let, annoyed)
When multiple parataxes are present in a single sentence, they get a flat structure, not a hierarchical one, even if they form a temporal sequence.
ROOT I 'm not kidding , I once lost a hamster in my house , three months later I walk down in the basement and it was as big as a rat .
root(ROOT, kidding)
parataxis(lost, kidding)
parataxis(walk, kidding)
All else being equal, the leftmost phrase should be the head, but in rare situations the parataxis can go ``backwards’’:
The guy , John said , left early in the morning
parataxis(left, said)
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
1856 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.
1777 instances of parataxis (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 10.9913793103448.
The following 64 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (654; 35% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (226; 12% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (146; 8% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (136; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (126; 7% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (113; 6% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADJ (44; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (42; 2% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (41; 2% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (40; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/VERB (40; 2% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/VERB (30; 2% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (25; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (17; 1% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/VERB (14; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (12; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (12; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (11; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (9; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/X (9; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/ADJ (8; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADJ (6; 0% instances), en-pos/X-en-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NUM (5; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/SYM (4; 0% instances), en-pos/DET-en-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), en-pos/SYM-en-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/SYM-en-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), en-pos/X-en-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/X (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/X (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1 7 parataxis color:blue
1 Read read VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
3 entire entire ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _
4 article article NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 ; ; PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _
6 there there PRON EX _ 7 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 's be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _
8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _
9 punchline punchline NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _
11 too too ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 1 8 parataxis color:blue
1 Moral moral NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _
6 Do do AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
7 n't not PART RB _ 8 neg _ _
8 drink drink VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _
9 Coke Coke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 .......... .......... PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 drink drink VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _
12 Pepsi Pepsi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
13 ! ! PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 11 parataxis color:blue
1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 room room NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
3 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
4 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _
6 none none NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _
7 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _
8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
9 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _
10 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
11 volunteer volunteer VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
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