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Negative: whether the word can be or is negated

In Czech, negation is mostly done using the bound morpheme ne-, and an independent negating particle (equivalent to English “not”) is rarely seen. Words that can take the morpheme of negation have the feature of negativeness.

It applies to verbs, adjectives, sometimes also adverbs and even nouns. (Most nouns have just Negative=Pos; deverbative nouns can have also Negative=Neg.)

Note that Negative=Neg is not the same thing as PronType=Neg. For pronouns and other pronominal parts of speech there is no such binary opposition as for verbs and adjectives. (There is no such thing as “affirmative pronoun”.)

Pos: positive, affirmative

Examples

Neg: negative

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Neg, Pos.

833972 tokens (55%) have a non-empty value of Negative. 136505 types (106%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Negative. 53385 lemmas (92%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Negative. The feature is used with 8 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/NOUN (372366; 25% instances), cs-pos/ADJ (173109; 11% instances), cs-pos/VERB (165619; 11% instances), cs-pos/PROPN (84031; 6% instances), cs-pos/ADV (25099; 2% instances), cs-pos/AUX (11902; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (1102; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET (744; 0% instances).

NOUN

372366 cs-pos/NOUN tokens (100% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Negative co-occurred: Number=Sing (259846; 70%), Animacy=EMPTY (208820; 56%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Paradigm státPosNeg
Case=Acc|Number=Singstát
Case=Acc|Number=Plurstáty
Case=Dat|Number=Singstátu
Case=Dat|Number=Plurstátům
Case=Gen|Number=Singstátu
Case=Gen|Number=Plurstátů
Case=Ins|Number=Singstátem
Case=Ins|Number=Plurstáty
Case=Loc|Number=Singstátě, státunestátu
Case=Loc|Number=Plurstátech
Case=Nom|Number=Singstát
Case=Nom|Number=Plurstáty

Negative seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 99% lemmas (17774) occur only with one value of Negative.

ADJ

173109 cs-pos/ADJ tokens (96% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Negative co-occurred: Degree=Pos (159288; 92%), Number=Sing (115632; 67%), Animacy=EMPTY (102035; 59%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Paradigm českýPosNeg
Abbr=Yes|Degree=PosČ
Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeského
Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeské
Animacy=Anim|Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeskému
Animacy=Anim|Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeským, českých
Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeského
Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeských
Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeským
Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeskými
Animacy=Anim|Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeském
Animacy=Anim|Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeských
Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeský
Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeští
Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeský
Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeské
Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeskému
Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeským
Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeského
Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeských
Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeským
Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeskými
Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeském
Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeských
Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singčeský
Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plurčeské
Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeskounečeskou
Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeské
Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeské
Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plurčeská
Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeské
Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeským
Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeskému
Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeské
Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeských
Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeského
Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plurčeských
Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeskou
Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Dualčeskýma
Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeskými
Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeským
Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plurčeskými
Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeské
Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeských
Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeském
Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plurčeských
Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singčeská
Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plurčeské
Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Style=Collčeský
Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Singčeské
Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plurčeská
Hyph=Yesčesko

Negative seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 95% lemmas (12408) occur only with one value of Negative.

VERB

165619 cs-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Negative co-occurred: Voice=Act (129620; 78%), Gender=EMPTY (102224; 62%), Number=Sing (89629; 54%), Person=EMPTY (88944; 54%), Mood=EMPTY (88939; 54%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Paradigm býtPosNeg
Abbr=Yes|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actj
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylinebyli
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylynebyly
Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Actjsa
Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem,Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Actjsouc
Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Actjsouce
Foreign=Foreign|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbolo
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylnebyl
Gender=Fem,Neut|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylanebyla
Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylonebylo
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Finbuď
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Finbuď
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Finbudiž
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=FinBuďme
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=FinbuďteNebuďte
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudunebudu
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsemnejsem
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actsi
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actnebudeš
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsi
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=ActjestNení
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudenebude
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjenení
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudemenebudeme
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsmenejsme
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudetenebudete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjstenejste
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actnésó
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudounebudou
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsounejsou
Style=Arch|VerbForm=Infbýti
VerbForm=Infbýtnebýt

PROPN

84031 cs-pos/PROPN tokens (100% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Negative co-occurred: Abbr=EMPTY (70989; 84%), Number=Sing (63182; 75%), Gender=Masc (48949; 58%).

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Negative seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 100% lemmas (15381) occur only with one value of Negative.

ADV

25099 cs-pos/ADV tokens (31% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Negative co-occurred: Degree=Pos (20086; 80%).

ADV tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Paradigm máloPosNeg
Degree=Posmálonemálo
Degree=Cmpméně, míňneméně
Degree=Supnejméně, nejmíň

Negative seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 94% lemmas (1598) occur only with one value of Negative.

AUX

11902 cs-pos/AUX tokens (57% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Negative co-occurred: Voice=Act (11146; 94%), Gender=EMPTY (8650; 73%), VerbForm=Fin (7903; 66%), Mood=Ind (7893; 66%), Number=Sing (6221; 52%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Paradigm býtPosNeg
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylinebyli
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylynebyly
Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Actjsouce
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylnebyl
Gender=Fem,Neut|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylanebyla
Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Actbylonebylo
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Finbudiž
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Finbudiž
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudunebudu
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsem
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actsi
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=ActbudešNebudeš
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsi
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudenebude
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjenení
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudem
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudemenebudeme
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsmenejsme
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudetenebudete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjste
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actbudounebudou
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Actjsounejsou
Style=Arch|VerbForm=Infbýti
VerbForm=Infbýt

PRON

1102 cs-pos/PRON tokens (2% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Negative co-occurred: PronType=Neg (1102; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (1102; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (1102; 100%), Person=EMPTY (1102; 100%), Number=EMPTY (1015; 92%), Gender=EMPTY (608; 55%), Case=Nom (555; 50%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Negative:

DET

744 cs-pos/DET tokens (3% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Negative.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Negative co-occurred: Number[psor]=EMPTY (744; 100%), PronType=Neg (744; 100%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (744; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (744; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (744; 100%), Person=EMPTY (744; 100%), Number=Sing (536; 72%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Negative:

Relations with Agreement in Negative

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Negative: NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (141092; 94%), NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (111140; 100%), VERB –[nmod]–> NOUN (53982; 94%), VERB –[dobj]–> NOUN (52461; 92%), VERB –[nsubj]–> NOUN (43796; 91%), NOUN –[nmod]–> PROPN (22781; 100%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (22174; 99%), NOUN –[acl]–> VERB (14995; 93%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (14062; 84%), PROPN –[name]–> PROPN (13557; 100%).


Negative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]