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Person: person

Person

Person is typically feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (pro-drop languages).

Bulgarian is a pro-drop language, as other Slavic languages.

1: first person

In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.

Examples

• аз / az “I”
• идвам / idvam “I am coming”

2: second person

In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.

Examples

• ти / ti “you”
• идваш / idvash “You are coming”

3: third person

The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.

Examples

• той, тя, то / toy, tya, to “he, she, it”
• идва / idva “He/she/it is coming”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.

23074 tokens (15%) have a non-empty value of Person. 5393 types (20%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. 2530 lemmas (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/VERB (16611; 11% instances), bg-pos/PRON (4196; 3% instances), bg-pos/AUX (1889; 1% instances), bg-pos/DET (378; 0% instances).

VERB

16611 bg-pos/VERB tokens (85% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Definite=EMPTY (16611; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16611; 100%), Voice=Act (16331; 98%), Mood=Ind (16331; 98%), Number=Sing (11751; 71%), Tense=Pres (11733; 71%), Aspect=Imp (10430; 63%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (1937; 12% of non-empty Person): съм, сме, искам, мога, можем, имаме, кажа, говоря, искаме, мисля
• 2 (945; 6% of non-empty Person): си, сте, можеш, имате, дойдеш, мислиш, имаш, искаш, знаеш, смятате
• 3 (13729; 83% of non-empty Person): е, са, има, няма, може, трябва, беше, каза, могат, съобщи
• EMPTY (2941): била, бил, имало, били, било, направил, дал, е, трябвало, заминал

Paradigm съм	1	2	3
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			би
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	съм	си	е
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	бях		беше, бе
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	сме	сте	са
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Voice=Act		бяхте	бяха

PRON

4196 bg-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (4196; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (4196; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (3376; 80%), Number=Sing (2447; 58%), Gender=EMPTY (2431; 58%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (969; 23% of non-empty Person): ни, ми, аз, нас, ние, ме, мен, мене, ний
• 2 (391; 9% of non-empty Person): ти, ви, те, вие, вас, тебе, теб
• 3 (2836; 68% of non-empty Person): той, му, го, тя, те, й, им, него, я, ги
• EMPTY (5898): се, си, това, които, който, която, което, всичко, кой, никой

Paradigm аз	1	2	3
Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing			го, него
Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing			я, нея
Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing			го, него
Case=Acc|Number=Sing	ме, мен, мене	те, тебе, ви, вас, теб
Case=Acc|Number=Plur	нас, ни	вас, ви	ги, тях
Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing			му, нему
Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing			й
Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing			му
Case=Dat|Number=Sing	ми, мен, мене	ти, ви
Case=Dat|Number=Plur	ни	ви	им, тям
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing			той
Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing			тя
Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing			то
Case=Nom|Number=Sing	аз	ти, вие
Case=Nom|Number=Plur	ние, ний	вие	те
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing			й
Number=Sing	ми	ти, ви
Number=Plur	ни	ви	им

AUX

1889 bg-pos/AUX tokens (93% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1889; 100%), Voice=Act (1787; 95%), Mood=Ind (1787; 95%), Aspect=Imp (1641; 87%), Tense=Pres (1384; 73%), Number=Sing (1285; 68%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (165; 9% of non-empty Person): съм, сме, бих, бях, бихме, бъдем, бяхме, бъда
• 2 (57; 3% of non-empty Person): си, сте, бихте, беше, Би, бъдете, бъдеш
• 3 (1667; 88% of non-empty Person): е, са, бе, бъде, бяха, бъдат, беше, би, биха, биват
• EMPTY (142): бил, били, била, било, е, са, би, бъдат, съм, беше

Paradigm съм	1	2	3
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	бих	Би	би
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	бихме	бихте	биха
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act	бях	беше	бе, беше
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	съм	си	е
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act	бяхме		бяха
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	сме	сте	са

DET

378 bg-pos/DET tokens (16% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (378; 100%), PronType=Prs (378; 100%), Definite=Def (276; 73%), Number=Sing (248; 66%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (154; 41% of non-empty Person): нашите, нашата, наши, нашето, моя, моята, моето, нашият, нашия, наш
• 2 (38; 10% of non-empty Person): вашата, вашето, вашия, ваш, вашите, ваша, ваше, вашият, твоите, ваши
• 3 (186; 49% of non-empty Person): техните, неговата, негово, тяхното, неговия, нейните, неговите, неговото, негов, негова
• EMPTY (2055): тази, този, тези, това, всички, един, какво, една, всеки, всяка

Paradigm мой	1	2	3
Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	моя, Моят		неговия, нейният, неговият, нейния
Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	моята		неговата, нейната
Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	моето		неговото, нейното
Definite=Def|Number=Plur	моите	твоите	нейните, неговите
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	мой		негов, неин
Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	моя		негова, нейна
Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	мое	твое	негово
Definite=Ind|Number=Plur	мои		негови, нейни

Relations with Agreement in Person

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person: VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (1884; 64%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1425; 79%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (927; 65%), VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (264; 63%), VERB –[dobj]–> VERB (120; 58%), VERB –[nmod]–> VERB (77; 71%), VERB –[mwe]–> VERB (28; 100%), VERB –[csubjpass]–> VERB (27; 54%), PRON –[acl]–> VERB (6; 75%), VERB –[nsubj]–> VERB (2; 67%).

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