iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a verb is any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or direct object. While in some languages the prototypical example is the recipient of ditransitive verbs of giving, in Czech the recipient is normally coded using the dative case, which is not considered core. Not being a core argument, a dative nominal must be attached as either obl:arg or just obl. (Note that this is a change in the Czech guidelines. Before UD 2.6, bare dative nominals were considered core arguments in Czech.)
In rare cases, a Czech verb may allow two accusative (core) objects, as in the following example.
One of them is direct object (patient), the other is indirect (addressee). It is parallel to how
the English translation would be annotated (where there is no morphological case marking). The
direct object also matches the direct object of verbs of giving (consider a similar sentence,
he gave my daughter a class of maths); however, as noted above, the addressee of such verbs
would be treated as oblique, not iobj.
On učí mou dceru matematiku . \n He teaches my daughter.Acc maths.Acc .
obj(učí, matematiku)
iobj(učí, dceru)
obj(teaches, maths.Acc)
iobj(teaches, daughter.Acc)
In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled obj, regardless of the semantic role. For example, učit “to teach” can take either the subject matter or the recipient as the only object, and in both cases it would be analyzed as obj:
Učí úvod do logiky . \n He-teaches introduction to logic .
obj(Učí, úvod)
obj(He-teaches, introduction)
nmod(úvod, logiky)
nmod(introduction, logic)
case(logiky, do)
case(logic, to)
Učí studenty prvního ročníku . \n He-teaches students of-first year .
obj(Učí, studenty)
obj(He-teaches, students)
nmod(studenty, ročníku)
nmod(students, year)
amod(ročníku, prvního)
amod(year, of-first)
If there are two or more objects, one of them should be obj and the others should be iobj.
In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most directly affected object (patient).
iobj in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [la] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]