iobj: indirect object
UD reserves the relation iobj for the indirect object. However, this term is misleading, as the UD notion of
indirect object is not compatible with what is traditionally understood as indirect object in the Spanish grammar.
In UD the relation can be used only for core arguments. In Spanish, the recipient or beneficiary roles are
encoded either as a prepositional phrase with the preposition a “to”, or as a dative pronoun. Both of these
strategies are oblique markings. Consequently, the corresponding nominals are not core arguments; they are oblique
dependents. To distinguish them from temporal and local adjuncts, we label them obl:arg.
While the relation iobj has no use in Spanish, it can occur in the Spanish data in case of code switching with
a language that has indirect objects, such as English:
# text = la canción "Give 'em hell, kid"
# text_en = the song "Give 'em hell, kid"
1 la el DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=the
2 canción canción NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=song
3 " " PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
4 Give give VERB _ Foreign=Yes|Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 appos _ Lang=en
5 ' ' PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
6 em they PRON _ Case=Acc|Foreign=Yes|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 iobj _ Lang=en
7 hell hell NOUN _ Foreign=Yes|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Lang=en|SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
9 kid kid NOUN _ Foreign=Yes|Number=Sing 4 vocative _ Lang=en|SpaceAfter=No
10 " " PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
iobj in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [la] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]