iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a verb is any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or direct object. The prototypical example is the recipient of ditransitive verbs of exchange:
Արամը Արթուրին տանձ տվեց ։ \n Aram gave Arthur a-pear .
iobj(տվեց, Արթուրին)
iobj(gave, Arthur)
However, Armenian allows other semantic roles as additional objects. The morphological Case of the objects is dictated by verb valency.
In the following Armenian example, the verb takes two arguments both are nouns in the dative case. One of them is direct object (patient), the other is indirect (addressee). It is parallel to how the English translation would be annotated (where there is no morphological case marking) and also to verbs of giving (cf. a similar sentence, he introduced my son to the coach).
Նա իմ որդուն ներկայացրեց մարզիչին ։ \n He introduced my son.Dat to-the-coach.Dat .
obj(ներկայացրեց, որդուն)
iobj(ներկայացրեց, մարզիչին)
obj(introduced, son.Dat)
iobj(introduced, to-the-coach.Dat)
In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled obj, regardless of the morphological case or semantic role. For example, դասավանդել “to teach” can take either the subject matter or the recipient as the only object, and in both cases it would be analyzed as the obj:
Նա դասավանդում է մաթեմատիկա ։ \n He teaches maths.Nom .
obj(դասավանդում, մաթեմատիկա)
obj(teaches, maths.Nom)
Նա դասավանդում է առաջին կուրսեցիներին ։ \n He teaches first-year students.Dat .
obj(դասավանդում, կուրսեցիներին)
obj(teaches, students.Dat)
The one exception is when there is a clausal complement.
Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj, parallel to
the simple ditransitive case:
Նա տեղեկացրեց ուսանողներին , որ վաղվա քննությունները հետաձգվում են ։ \n He told the-students , that tomorrow's examinations are canceled .
iobj(տեղեկացրեց, ուսանողներին)
ccomp(տեղեկացրեց, հետաձգվում)
iobj(told, the-students)
ccomp(told, canceled)
Նա ուսանողներին պատմեց իր ծրագրերից ։ \n He told the-students his some-plans .
iobj(պատմեց, ուսանողներին)
obj(պատմեց, ծրագրերից)
iobj(told, the-students)
obj(told, some-plans)
If there are two or more objects, one of them should be obj and the others should be
iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the
most directly affected object (patient).
iobj in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [la] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]