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ADP: adposition

Definition

Russian has only prepositions but not postpositionsand and circumpositions. They occur before a complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.

Some prepositions take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g. по сравнению с “in comparison with”, в связи с “in connection with”. The component words are then still tagged according to their basic use (по is ADP, сравнению is NOUN, etc.) and their status as multiword expressions are accounted for in the syntactic annotation

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 109 ADP lemmas (1%), 111 ADP types (0%) and 10820 ADP tokens (11%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: В, НА, С, ПО, ИЗ, К, ОТ, ЗА, ДЛЯ, ДО

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, из, к, от, за, для, до

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: В (ADP 4107, NOUN 4, PROPN 1), С (ADP 952, NOUN 5, X 1, ADV 1), ПО (ADP 613, NOUN 2, CONJ 1, PROPN 1), ПОСЛЕ (ADP 191, ADV 1), КАК (ADP 188, ADV 72, SCONJ 24, CONJ 4), ПРИ (ADP 180, ADV 2, NOUN 1), О (ADP 174, ADV 2), У (ADP 133, ADV 1, PROPN 1), ВО (ADP 132, ADV 2), ПОД (ADP 92, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: в (ADP 3326, NOUN 1), с (ADP 837, NOUN 2, X 1), по (ADP 519, CONJ 1), после (ADP 98, ADV 1), как (ADP 175, ADV 69, SCONJ 19, CONJ 4), при (ADP 149, ADV 1, NOUN 1), у (ADP 110, ADV 1), под (ADP 85, ADV 1), об (ADP 32, NOUN 1), чем (ADP 28, SCONJ 5, PRON 4)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.018349 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “В”: Вв, в.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “НА”: на, нам.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ПЕРЕД”: пе́ред, перед.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: ru-dep/case (10246; 95% instances), ru-dep/conj (246; 2% instances), ru-dep/remnant (63; 1% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (61; 1% instances), ru-dep/mwe (53; 0% instances), ru-dep/root (37; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (32; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod (27; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (10; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/list (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (8647; 80% instances), PROPN (1096; 10% instances), PRON (560; 5% instances), ADJ (180; 2% instances), VERB (72; 1% instances), NUM (71; 1% instances), ADV (41; 0% instances), ADP (38; 0% instances), ROOT (37; 0% instances), SYM (28; 0% instances), DET (21; 0% instances), PUNCT (18; 0% instances), SCONJ (10; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances)

10375 (96%) ADP nodes are leaves.

272 (3%) ADP nodes have one child.

67 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

106 (1%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 21.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 23 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (466; 55% instances), ru-dep/punct (225; 27% instances), ru-dep/conj (34; 4% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (27; 3% instances), ru-dep/advmod (14; 2% instances), ru-dep/cc (14; 2% instances), ru-dep/case (13; 2% instances), ru-dep/mwe (13; 2% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (7; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (7; 1% instances), ru-dep/remnant (5; 1% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/neg (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/list (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (418; 49% instances), PUNCT (228; 27% instances), ADP (38; 4% instances), ADJ (36; 4% instances), PROPN (30; 4% instances), ADV (22; 3% instances), CONJ (21; 2% instances), PRON (20; 2% instances), DET (9; 1% instances), VERB (9; 1% instances), NUM (5; 1% instances), SCONJ (5; 1% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 105 ADP lemmas (0%), 122 ADP types (0%) and 98959 ADP tokens (9%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 8 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: в, на, с, по, к, из, о, для, от, за

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, к, из, для, о, от, за

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: в (ADP 30927, PROPN 6), на (ADP 13836, VERB 3), с (ADP 9334, PROPN 5, NOUN 1), по (ADP 5707, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), о (ADP 3883, INTJ 10, PROPN 1, NOUN 1), у (ADP 2631, PROPN 2), до (ADP 1650, NOUN 2), после (ADP 1136, ADV 7), перед (ADP 412, NOUN 1), против (ADP 319, ADV 13)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: в (ADP 26440, NOUN 2), на (ADP 12798, VERB 3), с (ADP 8037, NOUN 8, DET 3), о (ADP 2883, INTJ 5, NOUN 1), до (ADP 1570, NOUN 2), после (ADP 878, ADV 6), против (ADP 311, ADV 12), про (ADP 204, X 1), вокруг (ADP 143, ADV 20), благодаря (ADP 113, VERB 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.161905 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “о”: о, об, обо.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “перед”: перед, передо, пред.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “с”: c, с, со.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 3 different relations: ru-dep/case (98799; 100% instances), ru-dep/mark (148; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (12; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (81485; 82% instances), PROPN (7662; 8% instances), PRON (5412; 5% instances), ADJ (3014; 3% instances), NUM (785; 1% instances), SYM (370; 0% instances), VERB (148; 0% instances), ADV (39; 0% instances), X (25; 0% instances), PART (12; 0% instances), CONJ (6; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

97625 (99%) ADP nodes are leaves.

1172 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

159 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

3 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 3.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 1 different relations: ru-dep/punct (1499; 100% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 1 different parts of speech: PUNCT (1499; 100% instances)


ADP in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]