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iobj: indirect object

An indirect object is a nominal which corresponds to a dative object.

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Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter .
iobj(envoie, m')
{
    "text": "Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 40, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 42, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

When the indirect object is realized with a preposition, it gets analyzed with the nmod relation:

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Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
nmod(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)
{
    "text": "Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 40, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 53, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 60, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 63, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 67, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 77, 78 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

The iobj relation is also used for pronouns in prononimal verbs which are indirect objects:

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Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud .
iobj(parle, se)
{
    "text": "Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 50, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

This relation is universal.

920 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

911 instances of iobj (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.8554347826087.

The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (835; 91% instances), NOUN-PRON (49; 5% instances), ADJ-PRON (24; 3% instances), PRON-PRON (6; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (4; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), PROPN-PRON (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 iobj	color:blue
1	Elle	_	PRON	_	_	3	nsubj	_	_
2	y	_	PRON	_	_	3	iobj	_	_
3	incarnera	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
4	la	_	DET	_	_	5	det	_	_
5	Poussette	_	PROPN	_	_	3	dobj	_	_
6	de	_	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
7	Manon	_	PROPN	_	_	5	nmod	_	_
8	peu	_	ADV	_	_	9	mwe	_	_
9	de	_	DET	_	_	10	det	_	_
10	temps	_	NOUN	_	_	3	nmod	_	_
11	après	_	ADP	_	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	3	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 5, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 7, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "DET", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "PROPN", [ [ 20, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "ADP", [ [ 30, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "PROPN", [ [ 33, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "ADV", [ [ 39, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "DET", [ [ 43, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "NOUN", [ [ 46, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T11", "ADP", [ [ 52, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T12", "PUNCT", [ [ 58, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R9", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R10", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R11", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T12", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "iobj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Elle y incarnera la Poussette de Manon peu de temps après .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 5 iobj	color:blue
1	Le	_	DET	_	_	2	det	_	_
2	roi	_	NOUN	_	_	8	nsubj	_	_
3	Mutesa	_	PROPN	_	_	2	appos	_	_
4	II	_	NUM	_	_	3	nummod	_	_
5	en	_	PRON	_	_	8	iobj	_	_
6	devient	_	VERB	_	_	8	cop	_	_
7	le	_	DET	_	_	8	det	_	_
8	président	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	_
9	à	_	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
10	vie	_	NOUN	_	_	8	nmod	_	_
11	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "DET", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 3, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "PROPN", [ [ 7, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "NUM", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "PRON", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "VERB", [ [ 20, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "DET", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "NOUN", [ [ 31, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "ADP", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "NOUN", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "PUNCT", [ [ 47, 48 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "appos", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "nummod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R7", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R8", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R9", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R10", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "iobj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Le roi Mutesa II en devient le président à vie .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 3 iobj	color:blue
1	Le	_	DET	_	_	2	det	_	_
2	coût	_	NOUN	_	_	6	nsubj	_	_
3	en	_	PRON	_	_	6	iobj	_	_
4	est	_	VERB	_	_	6	cop	_	_
5	moins	_	ADV	_	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	difficile	_	ADJ	_	_	0	root	_	_
7	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	6	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "DET", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "PRON", [ [ 8, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "ADV", [ [ 15, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "ADJ", [ [ 21, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R4", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R5", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "iobj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "Le coût en est moins difficile .",
    "error": false
}

---

iobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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