csubj

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`csubj`: clausal subject

A clausal subject is a clausal syntactic subject of a clause, i.e., the subject is itself a clause. The governor of this relation might not always be a verb: when the verb is a copular verb, the root of the clause is the complement of the copular verb. In the two following examples, what she said is the subject.



  
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What she said makes sense
csubj(makes, said)
{
    "text": "What she said makes sense ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 25 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "csubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

340 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as csubj.

211 instances of csubj (62%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.21764705882353.

The following 15 pairs of parts of speech are connected with csubj: ADJ-VERB (150; 44% instances), VERB-VERB (109; 32% instances), NOUN-VERB (55; 16% instances), VERB-ADJ (8; 2% instances), VERB-NOUN (3; 1% instances), ADJ-ADJ (2; 1% instances), ADJ-NOUN (2; 1% instances), ADV-VERB (2; 1% instances), VERB-PRON (2; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (2; 1% instances), ADJ-ADP (1; 0% instances), NUM-VERB (1; 0% instances), PART-VERB (1; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (1; 0% instances).



  
    input
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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 3 csubj	color:blue
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	csubj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	dobj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "ADJ", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "PART", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "PRON", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 21, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-A1", "Degree", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A2", "VerbForm", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A3", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Acc" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A4", "Person", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "2" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A5", "PronType", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A6", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T6", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "csubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: great" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: JJ" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: to" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: TO" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: have" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: you" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PRP" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: on" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: IN" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: board" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: !" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "csubj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ],
    "text": "Great to have you on board !",
    "error": false
}



  
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# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 csubj	color:blue
1	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	dobj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	expl	_	_
5	cost	cost	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
8	world	world	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	resorts	resorts	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	compound	_	_
10	international	international	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "ADV", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "ADJ", [ [ 4, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AUX", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "PRON", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 17, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "PART", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "VERB", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "PROPN", [ [ 30, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "PROPN", [ [ 36, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "PROPN", [ [ 44, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T11", "PUNCT", [ [ 58, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-A1", "PronType", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Int" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A2", "Degree", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A3", "Mood", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A4", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A5", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "3" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A6", "Tense", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A7", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A8", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A9", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A10", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A11", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "3" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A12", "PronType", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A13", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A14", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T7", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A15", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T8", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A16", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T9", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A17", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T10", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R5", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R6", "csubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R7", "compound", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R8", "compound", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R9", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R10", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: how" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: WRB" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: much" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: JJ" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: do" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VBZ" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: it" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PRP" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: cost" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: to" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: TO" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: join" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: world" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NNP" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: resorts" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NNPS" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: international" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NNP" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ?" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "embedded-3-S1-T7", "csubj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "how much does it cost to join world resorts international ?",
    "error": false
}



  
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    brat
    info
  
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 2 csubj	color:blue
1	Heather	Heather	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "PROPN", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 8, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "ADV", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AUX", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "ADJ", [ [ 29, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "NOUN", [ [ 39, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "PUNCT", [ [ 45, 46 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-A1", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A2", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Ger" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A3", "Mood", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A4", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A5", "Person", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "3" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A6", "Tense", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A7", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A8", "Tense", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Past" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A9", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Part" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A10", "Definite", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A11", "PronType", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Art" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A12", "Degree", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T8", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "csubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Heather" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NNP" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: move" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VBG" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: in" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: RB" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: have" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VBZ" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: be" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VBN" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: a" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: DT" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: different" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: JJ" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: story" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "csubj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Heather moving in has been a different story .",
    "error": false
}

csubj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

csubj: clausal subject

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

`csubj`: clausal subject