VERB

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`VERB`: verb

Definition

A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause. Verbs are often associated with grammatical categories like tense, mood, aspect and voice, which can either be expressed inflectionally or using auxilliary verbs or particles.

The BulTreeBank annotation scheme provides the following mappings here: main verbs, copulas and modal verbs. Note that modal verbs do not have special labels in our annotation scheme. Participles and gerund are considered also VERB. Below the specific labels that map to VERB are given.

Examples

Vp# (finite verb): тичам / ticham “run”
Vn# (impersonal verb): вали, трябва / vali, tryabva “It rains, must”
Vx# (the copula to be): съм / sam “to be”
Vy# (the copula to be): бъда / bada “to be”
Vi# (the copula to be): бивам / bivam “to be”
V#cv# (past passive participle): намерен / nameren “found”. It is also mapped to ADJ in its attributive usages.
V#cam# (past imperfective participle): четял / chetyal “He was reading”
V#cao# (past perfective participle): дошъл / doshal “He has come”. It is also mapped to ADJ in its attributive usages.
V#g (gerund): Идвайки / idvayki “Coming”

Note that the present active participle V#car# is mapped only to ADJ.

Note that the symbol `#’, used in the Universal POS section indicates a holder for arbitrary number of features, suppressed in the respective tag as irrelevant in the BulTreeBank tagset, when mapped to the Universal one.

Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

There are 2780 VERB lemmas (18%), 6570 VERB types (24%) and 19552 VERB tokens (13%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: съм, мога, имам, нямам, кажа, трябва, има, искам, съобщя, стана

The 10 most frequent VERB types: е, са, има, няма, може, трябва, беше, каза, могат, съобщи

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: съм (VERB 2583, AUX 1778), мога (VERB 396, ADJ 1), имам (VERB 363, ADJ 1), кажа (VERB 237, ADJ 4), искам (VERB 178, ADJ 3), стана (VERB 144, ADJ 3), бъда (AUX 251, VERB 139), направя-(се) (VERB 129, ADJ 7), дам-(се) (VERB 101, ADJ 4), видя-(се) (VERB 95, ADJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: е (VERB 1521, AUX 655), са (VERB 468, AUX 339), беше (VERB 115, AUX 82), бъде (AUX 148, VERB 89), бе (AUX 199, VERB 67, PART 2), съм (AUX 66, VERB 59), бяха (AUX 96, VERB 56), иска (VERB 46, NOUN 1), сме (VERB 50, AUX 43), била (VERB 40, AUX 19)

е
- VERB 1521: Страх ли те е ?
- AUX 655: Но ти , малкият , не мисли , че се е свършило .
са
- VERB 468: С какво образование са постъпилите на кадрова служба жени ?
- AUX 339: Малко от спестените средства са останали .
беше
- VERB 115: Дунавът беше тих и спокоен .
- AUX 82: Книгата беше прочетена , преди да бъде купена .
бъде
- AUX 148: Книгата беше прочетена , преди да бъде купена .
- VERB 89: Той предполага , че лятото ще бъде горещо .
бе
- AUX 199: При стареца бе останала Христина , хубавата му внучка .
- VERB 67: Изглежда , любопитството й бе по-силно от всичко .
- PART 2: Не мога да те позная бе .
съм
- AUX 66: Не помня да съм ходил у тях .
- VERB 59: При все че съм болен , ще отида на работа .
бяха
- AUX 96: Противниците му кандидати се бяха просто отчаяли .
- VERB 56: Той виждаше доле празнично облечени тълпи , стоновете бяха вече химни .
иска
- VERB 46: Той иска съвет , към кого да се обърне .
- NOUN 1: В петък следобед в съда в канадския град Ванкувър и американския Саут Бент са внесени два граждански иска срещу България в лицето на Министерство на финансите , бившите Главна прокуратура и Национална следствена служба и Националния център по заразни и паразитни болести .
сме
- VERB 50: Нека да сме честни .
- AUX 43: Не може да не сме се разминали на някой светофар .
била
- VERB 40: Тя била с рядка мъдрост и красота .
- AUX 19: Адската машина била поставена под цистерната , която е на същата фирма .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.363309 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.728233).

The 1st highest number of forms (21) was observed with the lemma “мога”: Можехме, мога, могат, могла, могли, могло, могъл, можа, можах, можаха, може, можел, можела, можели, можело, можем, можете, можех, можеха, можеш, можеше.

The 2nd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “взема”: взе, взел, взела, взели, взело, взема, вземат, вземе, вземем, вземете, вземеш, вземи, взета, взети, взето, взех, взеха.

The 3rd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “намеря-(се)”: Намерете, намерен, намерена, намерени, намерено, намери, намерил, намерила, намерили, намерим, намерите, намерих, намериха, намерихме, намериш, намеря, намерят.

VERB occurs with 10 features: bg-feat/Aspect (19376; 99% instances), bg-feat/Number (19376; 99% instances), bg-feat/VerbForm (19376; 99% instances), bg-feat/Voice (19096; 98% instances), bg-feat/Tense (17666; 90% instances), bg-feat/Mood (16738; 86% instances), bg-feat/Person (16611; 85% instances), bg-feat/Definite (2765; 14% instances), bg-feat/Gender (1909; 10% instances), bg-feat/Degree (3; 0% instances)

VERB occurs with 24 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: bg-dep/root (9136; 47% instances), bg-dep/ccomp (2339; 12% instances), bg-dep/cop (1997; 10% instances), bg-dep/conj (1906; 10% instances), bg-dep/acl (1482; 8% instances), bg-dep/advcl (1430; 7% instances), bg-dep/xcomp (458; 2% instances), bg-dep/csubj (385; 2% instances), bg-dep/dobj (208; 1% instances), bg-dep/nmod (91; 0% instances), bg-dep/csubjpass (60; 0% instances), bg-dep/mwe (39; 0% instances), bg-dep/auxpass (6; 0% instances), bg-dep/det (6; 0% instances), bg-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), bg-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), bg-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/nsubjpass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: ROOT (9136; 47% instances), VERB (6399; 33% instances), NOUN (2509; 13% instances), ADJ (733; 4% instances), ADV (411; 2% instances), DET (124; 1% instances), PROPN (89; 0% instances), PRON (85; 0% instances), PART (49; 0% instances), NUM (12; 0% instances), CONJ (3; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances)

2145 (11%) VERB nodes are leaves.

750 (4%) VERB nodes have one child.

2646 (14%) VERB nodes have two children.

14011 (72%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 13.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 27 different relations: bg-dep/punct (13611; 21% instances), bg-dep/nsubj (8668; 13% instances), bg-dep/dobj (7428; 11% instances), bg-dep/aux (5573; 9% instances), bg-dep/nmod (5514; 9% instances), bg-dep/advmod (3634; 6% instances), bg-dep/iobj (3496; 5% instances), bg-dep/expl (3418; 5% instances), bg-dep/ccomp (2549; 4% instances), bg-dep/conj (1827; 3% instances), bg-dep/cc (1685; 3% instances), bg-dep/mark (1616; 2% instances), bg-dep/advcl (1402; 2% instances), bg-dep/nsubjpass (1238; 2% instances), bg-dep/neg (1176; 2% instances), bg-dep/discourse (497; 1% instances), bg-dep/xcomp (497; 1% instances), bg-dep/auxpass (451; 1% instances), bg-dep/csubj (234; 0% instances), bg-dep/case (124; 0% instances), bg-dep/csubjpass (76; 0% instances), bg-dep/mwe (29; 0% instances), bg-dep/vocative (27; 0% instances), bg-dep/amod (9; 0% instances), bg-dep/cop (7; 0% instances), bg-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/appos (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (18355; 28% instances), PUNCT (13782; 21% instances), PRON (7735; 12% instances), VERB (6399; 10% instances), PART (4478; 7% instances), ADV (4071; 6% instances), PROPN (2109; 3% instances), AUX (1980; 3% instances), CONJ (1680; 3% instances), SCONJ (1300; 2% instances), INTJ (1235; 2% instances), ADJ (738; 1% instances), ADP (426; 1% instances), DET (344; 1% instances), NUM (155; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)