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csubj:cleft: clausal subject of cleft construction

Again following the Irish treebank, we analyse cleft constructions in Manx in line with other copular constructions: COP PRED SUBJ. In contrast to English, Manx clefts are much less restrictive with regards to the type of element that can be fronted: nouns, prepositional phrases, adjectives and verbal nouns, for example.

Examples

Nominal fronting

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
She sheelaght t' ayn \n Is syllabary that-is in-it
cop(sheelaght, She)
csubj:cleft(sheelaght, t')
{
    "text": "She sheelaght t' ayn \n Is syllabary that-is in-it ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 49 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Prepositional phrase fronting

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Ayns y choorse echeysyn va Ammizabad e vac \n In the course at-himself was Ammizabad his son
case(choorse, Ayns)
det(choorse, y)
csubj:cleft(choorse, va)
nsubj(va, Ammizabad)
det(vac, e)
appos(Ammizabad, vac)
{
    "text": "Ayns y choorse echeysyn va Ammizabad e vac \n In the course at-himself was Ammizabad his son ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 45, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 52, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 59, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 70, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 74, 83 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 84, 87 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 88, 91 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "appos", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Adjective predicate fronting

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
S' fardalee ta smooinaghtyn deiney marvaanagh \n Is miserable are thoughts of-men mortal
cop(fardalee, S')
csubj:cleft(fardalee, ta)
nsubj(ta, smooinaghtyn)
nmod(smooinaghtyn, deiney)
amod(deiney, marvaanagh)
{
    "text": "S' fardalee ta smooinaghtyn deiney marvaanagh \n Is miserable are thoughts of-men mortal ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 35, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 48, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 51, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 61, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 65, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 74, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 81, 87 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R4", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R5", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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csubj:cleft in other languages: [ga] [gd] [gv] [la]

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