This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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PART: particle

The following English words (only) are currently being treated as PART in English:

(This is a slightly motley list and we may still want to rethink this category for English….)

This covers PTB tags POS and some (old PTB style) or all uses of TO, and the subset of RB that is negation.


Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

There are 13 PART lemmas (0%), 18 PART types (0%) and 6689 PART tokens (3%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 17 in number of lemmas, 17 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: to, not, ‘s, s, ‘, na, ta, too, -s, 2

The 10 most frequent PART types: to, not, n’t, ‘s, s, nt, ‘, na, ta, n

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: to (PART 3925, ADP 2160, SCONJ 84, ADV 12, NOUN 2, VERB 1), not (PART 1942, ADV 188, CONJ 17), ’s (PART 659, PRON 14), s (PART 98, X 10, PRON 7, NOUN 3, PROPN 1), (PUNCT 240, PART 38, NOUN 7, VERB 1), ta (PART 7, ADP 4), too (ADV 157, PART 2, ADP 1), 2 (NUM 140, X 30, PROPN 2, ADP 1, PART 1), `s (VERB 8, PART 1, AUX 1), a (DET 5272, NOUN 20, X 14, ADV 7, ADP 4, PART 1, CONJ 1, AUX 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PART 3879, ADP 2134, SCONJ 82, ADV 12, NOUN 2, VERB 1), not (PART 956, ADV 158, CONJ 15), ’s (PART 657, VERB 390, AUX 71, PRON 14), s (VERB 99, PART 97, AUX 12, X 10, PRON 7, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), (PUNCT 240, PART 38, NOUN 7), ta (PART 7, ADP 3), n (CONJ 3, PART 2, NOUN 1), too (ADV 147, PART 2, ADP 1), 2 (NUM 140, X 30, PROPN 2, ADP 1, PART 1), `s (VERB 8, PART 1, AUX 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.384615 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.173735).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “not”: n, n’t, not, nt, t.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “to”: the, to.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “’”: .

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: en-dep/mark (3922; 59% instances), en-dep/neg (1900; 28% instances), en-dep/case (797; 12% instances), en-dep/conj (20; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (16; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), en-dep/advcl (8; 0% instances), en-dep/root (6; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (2; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), en-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (5200; 78% instances), PROPN (540; 8% instances), NOUN (482; 7% instances), ADJ (325; 5% instances), ADV (73; 1% instances), PRON (33; 0% instances), AUX (14; 0% instances), DET (6; 0% instances), ROOT (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

6633 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

27 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

17 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

12 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 5.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 12 different relations: en-dep/punct (56; 54% instances), en-dep/mark (13; 13% instances), en-dep/advmod (12; 12% instances), en-dep/cc (7; 7% instances), en-dep/nmod (5; 5% instances), en-dep/advcl (3; 3% instances), en-dep/conj (2; 2% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 2% instances), en-dep/ccomp (1; 1% instances), en-dep/csubj (1; 1% instances), en-dep/discourse (1; 1% instances), en-dep/remnant (1; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: PUNCT (56; 54% instances), ADV (15; 14% instances), SCONJ (13; 13% instances), CONJ (7; 7% instances), NOUN (6; 6% instances), VERB (6; 6% instances), INTJ (1; 1% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 1 PART types (6%) and 3531 PART tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.000000).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: en-dep/mark (2397; 68% instances), en-dep/neg (937; 27% instances), en-dep/case (168; 5% instances), en-dep/conj (7; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (5; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod (5; 0% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (3; 0% instances), en-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (3; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), en-dep/cc (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (2956; 84% instances), NOUN (246; 7% instances), ADJ (208; 6% instances), PROPN (52; 1% instances), ADV (31; 1% instances), PRON (18; 1% instances), AUX (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), DET (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

3525 (100%) PART nodes are leaves.

4 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

2 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 2.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 7 different relations: en-dep/mwe (2; 25% instances), en-dep/advmod (1; 13% instances), en-dep/aux (1; 13% instances), en-dep/cop (1; 13% instances), en-dep/dobj (1; 13% instances), en-dep/nsubj (1; 13% instances), en-dep/punct (1; 13% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: VERB (2; 25% instances), ADV (1; 13% instances), AUX (1; 13% instances), DET (1; 13% instances), PART (1; 13% instances), PRON (1; 13% instances), PUNCT (1; 13% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 7 PART types (0%) and 2131 PART tokens (3%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: to, not, ‘s, n’t, s’, in, t’

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 14939, VERB 11076, PUNCT 10025, ADP 8281, DET 7865, PRON 7793, ADJ 5305, ADV 4610, AUX 3168, PROPN 2792, CONJ 2535, PART 2131, SCONJ 1512, NUM 581, INTJ 159, X 43, SYM 6)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PART 1135, ADP 832), ’s (PART 296, VERB 136, AUX 50, PRON 1, PROPN 1), n’t (PART 220, ADV 32), in (ADP 1131, ADV 44, PART 3, ADJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 7.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 597.705882).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “_”: ’s, in, n’t, not, s’, t’, to.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 9 different relations: en-dep/mark (1155; 54% instances), en-dep/neg (629; 30% instances), en-dep/case (323; 15% instances), en-dep/advmod (11; 1% instances), en-dep/conj (5; 0% instances), en-dep/root (3; 0% instances), en-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), en-dep/dobj (2; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1562; 73% instances), NOUN (215; 10% instances), PROPN (192; 9% instances), ADJ (91; 4% instances), ADV (27; 1% instances), AUX (16; 1% instances), PRON (16; 1% instances), ROOT (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

2114 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

10 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

5 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

2 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 5.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 12 different relations: en-dep/mwe (6; 21% instances), en-dep/mark (5; 17% instances), en-dep/punct (4; 14% instances), en-dep/advmod (2; 7% instances), en-dep/aux (2; 7% instances), en-dep/cc (2; 7% instances), en-dep/conj (2; 7% instances), en-dep/nsubj (2; 7% instances), en-dep/advcl (1; 3% instances), en-dep/case (1; 3% instances), en-dep/neg (1; 3% instances), en-dep/nmod (1; 3% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: ADP (5; 17% instances), NOUN (4; 14% instances), PUNCT (4; 14% instances), SCONJ (4; 14% instances), VERB (4; 14% instances), ADV (2; 7% instances), CONJ (2; 7% instances), PRON (2; 7% instances), AUX (1; 3% instances), PART (1; 3% instances)


PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]