This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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cop: copula

A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible.

Prepositional phrases are annotated similarly, the only difference being that the nominal predicate has an additional case marker.

When an adjective or adverb is being predicated of a nominal phrase, the adjective/adverb is the root, the nominal phrase is the nsubj, and the copula is the cop.

Prepositions may also project a cop dependent.

In predicative wh-constructions, the fronted wh-word is the head, and the copula is another cop.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

1619 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.

1456 instances of cop (90%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.33539221741816.

The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: ADJ-VERB (958; 59% instances), NOUN-VERB (562; 35% instances), PRON-VERB (61; 4% instances), ADV-VERB (13; 1% instances), NUM-VERB (10; 1% instances), ADP-VERB (7; 0% instances), DET-VERB (3; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (3; 0% instances), VERB-VERB (2; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

1201 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.

1133 instances of cop (94%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.24229808492923.

The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: ADJ-VERB (548; 46% instances), NOUN-VERB (389; 32% instances), PRON-VERB (108; 9% instances), VERB-VERB (98; 8% instances), PROPN-VERB (32; 3% instances), ADV-VERB (12; 1% instances), ADP-VERB (8; 1% instances), NUM-VERB (5; 0% instances), SCONJ-VERB (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish_Sign_Language)

This relation is universal.

5 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.

4 instances of cop (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.8.

The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: NOUN-VERB (3; 60% instances), ADJ-VERB (1; 20% instances), VERB-VERB (1; 20% instances).


cop in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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