discourse

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`discourse`: discourse element

Discourse elements are interjections, exclamations or emoticons. They are attached to the main verb or predicative of the sentence with the discourse dependency type.



  
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Жоқ , Айгүлдің күшігі жоқ . \n No , Aygül's dog not-existing-is . 
discourse(жоқ-5, Жоқ-1)
nsubj(жоқ-5, күшігі-4)
{
    "text": "Жоқ , Айгүлдің күшігі жоқ . \n No , Aygül's dog not-existing-is . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 33, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 35, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 47, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 64 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

And another example:



  
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Жоқ , хат жазып берейін . \n No , letter writing let-me .
discourse(жазып-4, Жоқ-1)
{
    "text": "Жоқ , хат жазып берейін . \n No , letter writing let-me . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 40, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 48, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

The discourse label is also used for modal words, and the question word (ма):



  
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Ал Айгүлдің күшігі бар ма ? \n And Aygül's dog existing-is does-it ?
discourse(бар-4, ма-5)
nsubj(бар-4, күшігі-3)
{
    "text": "Ал Айгүлдің күшігі бар ма ? \n And Aygül's dog existing-is does-it ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 42, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 58, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 66, 67 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)

This relation is universal.

46 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

29 instances of discourse (63%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.56521739130435.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: VERB-PART (18; 39% instances), ADJ-PART (7; 15% instances), VERB-INTJ (7; 15% instances), ADJ-INTJ (5; 11% instances), NOUN-INTJ (2; 4% instances), ADJ-ADV (1; 2% instances), AUX-INTJ (1; 2% instances), NOUN-ADV (1; 2% instances), NOUN-PART (1; 2% instances), PROPN-PART (1; 2% instances), VERB-ADV (1; 2% instances), VERB-VERB (1; 2% instances).



  
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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 6 discourse	color:blue
1	Сіз	сіз	PRON	prn	_	4	nsubj	_	pers|p2|sg|frm|nom
2	кітапхананы	кітапхана	NOUN	n	_	4	dobj	_	acc
3	картадан	карта	NOUN	n	_	4	nmod	_	abl
4	көрсете	көрсет	VERB	v	_	0	root	_	tv|prc_impf
5	_	ал	AUX	vaux	_	4	aux	_	aor|p2|frm|sg
6	_	ма	PART	qst	_	4	discourse	_	_
7	?	?	PUNCT	sent	_	4	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 4, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 16, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 25, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AUX", [ [ 33, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "PART", [ [ 35, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: сіз" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: prn" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: pers|p2|sg|frm|nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: кітапхана" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: n" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: acc" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: карта" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: n" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: abl" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: көрсет" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: tv|prc_impf" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ал" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: vaux" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: aor|p2|frm|sg" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ма" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: qst" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ?" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: sent" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Сіз кітапхананы картадан көрсете _ _ ?",
    "error": false
}



  
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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 1 discourse	color:blue
1	Ендеше	ендеше	INTJ	ij	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	cm	_	1	punct	_	_
3	артық	артық	ADJ	adj	_	4	amod	_	_
4	жеріңді	жер	NOUN	n	_	5	dobj	_	px2sg|acc
5	алғанға	ал	VERB	v	_	6	ccomp	_	tv|ger_past|dat
6	өкпелеме	өкпеле	VERB	v	_	0	root	_	neg|imp|p2|sg
7	.	.	PUNCT	sent	_	6	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "INTJ", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "ADJ", [ [ 9, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 15, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 23, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "VERB", [ [ 31, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 40, 41 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ендеше" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ij" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: cm" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: артық" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: adj" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: жер" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: n" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: px2sg|acc" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ал" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: tv|ger_past|dat" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: өкпеле" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: neg|imp|p2|sg" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: sent" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Ендеше , артық жеріңді алғанға өкпелеме .",
    "error": false
}



  
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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 6 discourse	color:blue
1	Ал	ал	CONJ	cnjcoo	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Айгүлдің	Айгүл	PROPN	np	_	3	nmod:poss	_	ant|f|gen
3	күшігі	күшік	NOUN	n	_	4	nsubj	_	px3sp|nom
4	_	бар	ADJ	adj	_	0	root	_	_
5	_	е	AUX	cop	_	4	cop	_	aor|p3|sg
6	_	ма	PART	qst	_	4	discourse	_	_
7	?	?	PUNCT	sent	_	4	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "CONJ", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "PROPN", [ [ 3, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "ADJ", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AUX", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "PART", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "nmod:poss", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R4", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R5", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ал" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: cnjcoo" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Айгүл" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: np" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: ant|f|gen" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: күшік" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: n" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: px3sp|nom" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: бар" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: adj" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: е" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: cop" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: aor|p3|sg" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ма" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: qst" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ?" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: sent" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "embedded-6-S1-T6", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "Ал Айгүлдің күшігі _ _ _ ?",
    "error": false
}

discourse in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

discourse: discourse element

Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)

`discourse`: discourse element