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cop: copula

A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible.

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ROOT Hettar er ein royndar setningur . \n This is a random sentence .
root(ROOT, setningur)
cop(setningur, er)
nsubj(setningur, Hettar)
amod(setningur, royndar)
det(setningur, ein)
punct(setningur, .)
{
    "text": "ROOT Hettar er ein royndar setningur . \n This is a random sentence . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 58, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 67, 68 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Prepositional phrases are annotated similarly, the only difference being that the nominal predicate has an additional case marker.

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Hon er frá Føroyum . \n She is from the.Faroes .
case(Føroyum, frá)
cop(Føroyum, er)
nsubj(Føroyum, Hon)
punct(Føroyum, .)
{
    "text": "Hon er frá Føroyum . \n She is from the.Faroes . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 23, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 30, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 35, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

When an adjective or adverb is being predicated of a nominal phrase, the adjective/adverb is the root, the nominal phrase is the nsubj, and the copula is attached to the root with the cop relation.

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Hon er sterk . \n She is strong . 
nsubj(sterk, Hon)
cop(sterk, er)
punct(sterk, .)
{
    "text": "Hon er sterk . \n She is strong . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 24, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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info
  
Hettar var í gjár . \n It was in yesterday .
nsubj(gjár, Hettar)
cop(gjár, var)
case(gjár, í)
punct(gjár, .)
{
    "text": "Hettar var í gjár . \n It was in yesterday . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 32, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Prepositions may also project a cop dependent.

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Ljósið er frá . \n The light is on .
cop(frá, er)
nsubj(frá, Ljósið)
punct(frá, .)
{
    "text": "Ljósið er frá . \n The light is on . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

In predicative wh-constructions, the fronted wh-word is the head, and the copula is another cop.

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info
  
Hvat er hattar ? \n What is that ?
cop(Hvat, er)
nsubj(Hvat, hattar)
punct(Hvat, ?)
{
    "text": "Hvat er hattar ? \n What is that ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 19, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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