mark: marker
A marker (mark) is the subordinating conjunction in a
non-complement subordinate clause.
Kun tulin kotiin , jätin avaimen pöydälle . \n When I_came home , I_left key on_table .
mark(tulin-2, Kun-1)
nmod(tulin-2, kotiin-3)
punct(tulin-2, ,-4)
advcl(jätin-5, tulin-2)
dobj(jätin-5, avaimen-6)
nmod(jätin-5, pöydälle-7)
punct(jätin-5, .-8)
The dependency relation mark is also used to identify the
complementizer appearing in most clausal complements, where the head
of the dependency is the main verb of the subordinate clause. The only
complementizer in Finnish is että “that”. (These relations are
annotated complm in TDT.)
Sanoin , että hän voi tulla . \n I_said , that he can come .
ccomp(Sanoin-1, tulla-6)
punct(tulla-6, ,-2)
mark(tulla-6, että-3)
nsubj(tulla-6, hän-4)
aux(tulla-6, voi-5)
punct(Sanoin-1, .-7)
The comparative conjunction (most commonly kuin, which corresponds
roughly to “than” and “as” in English) is marked with the dependency
type mark. The head of the dependency is the element
being compared.
enemmän kuin haluaisin \n more than I_would_want
advcl(enemmän-1, haluaisin-3)
mark(haluaisin-3, kuin-2)
The main subordinating conjunctions are the following:
- että “that”
- jotta “so that”
- koska “because”
- kun “when”
- jos “if”
- vaikka “even though”
- kunnes “until”
- kuin “as, than”
Note that the conjunction kuin can also serve as an adverb modifier advmod.
In addition to the basic subordinating conjunctions, the following words or word combinations can be considered subordinating conjunctions. Not all of these expressions have a direct counterpart in English, and thus the translations are approximate.
- ennenkuin “before”
- jahka “as soon as”
- jos kohta “even if”
- kun taas “whereas”
- kuten “like, as”
- mikäli “if”
- mitä nyt “only”
- muuten “otherwise”
- niin “so”
- niinkuin/niinku “like” (standard and colloquial version)
- paitsi “except”
- paitsi että “except that”
- paitsi jos “except if”
- sikäli kuin “if”
- sillä “because”
- sitten kun “then when”
- vähän kuin “a bit like”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
3454 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.
3453 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.329473074696.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (2521; 73% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (330; 10% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (222; 6% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (167; 5% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (68; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (41; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (37; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (17; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (8; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 On olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kiva kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 7 punct _ _
5 kun kun SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 tuolla tuolla ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _
7 sai saada VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 csubj:cop _ _
8 hipelöidä hipelöidä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 xcomp _ _
9 kaikkea kaikki PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 :) :) SYM Symb _ 3 discourse _ _
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1 Miespoliitikon mies#poliitikko NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 nmod:poss _ _
2 elämänkaari elämän#kaari NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj:cop _ _
3 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 erilainen erilainen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 kuin kuin SCONJ C _ 6 mark _ _
6 poliitikkonaisen poliitikko#nainen NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj:cop _ _
2 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
3 oma oma ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
4 vika vika NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 jos jos SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 7 cop _ _
7 yksinäinen yksinäinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
9 hän hän PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
10 sanoo sanoa VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of mark: mark:comparator.
3623 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.
3556 instances of mark (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.9732266077836.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (3032; 84% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (290; 8% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (212; 6% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (38; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (24; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (12; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Saulista sauli PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Ela Case=Ela|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
2 huomattiin huomata VERB V,Pass,Ind,Past Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
3 jo jo ADV Pcle _ 4 advmod _ _
4 lapsena lapsi NOUN N,Sg,Ess Case=Ess|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 , , PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
6 että että SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 8 mark _ _
7 hänellä hän PRON Pron,Pers,Sg3,Ade Case=Ade|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _
8 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 2 ccomp _ _
9 lahjoja lahja NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 8 dobj _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Räntää räntä NOUN N,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _
2 tuli tulla VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
3 kuin kuin SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 4 mark _ _
4 aisaa aisa NOUN N,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 , , PUNCT Pun _ 2 punct _ FTB-rel=phrm
6 lämpötila lämpötila NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
7 oli olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
8 nolla nolla NUM Num,Card,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 astetta aste NOUN N,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 2 conj _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Silloin silloin ADV Adv,Dem PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _
2 ajattelin ajatella VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg1 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
3 , , PUNCT Pun _ 2 punct _ _
4 että että SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 5 mark _ _
5 tällaistako tällainen ADJ A,Dem,Sg,Par,Ko Case=Par|Clitic=Ko|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 ccomp _ _
6 tämä tämä PRON Pron,Dem,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ _
7 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 5 cop _ _
8 . . PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
mark in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]