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nsubj:pass: passive nominal subject

The nsubj:pass relation is used for the subject of a passive sentence. In Cantonese, the passive subject may be directly (1) or indirectly (2) affected by the action expressed by the verb; the latter case is known as an “indirect passive” (Matthews and Yip, 2011), where the verb can still have a direct object, as seen in (2).

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# visual-style 4 1 nsubj:pass	color:blue
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
1	我	_	PRON	_	_	4	nsubj:pass	_	1SG
2	畀	_	ADP	_	_	3	case	_	AGT
3	校長	_	NOUN	_	_	4	obl:agent	_	school-principal
4	罰	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	punish

1	"I'm	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
2	being	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
3	punished	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
4	by	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
5	the	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
6	principal."	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 2, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T1", "_", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T2", "_", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T3", "_", [ [ 20, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T4", "_", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T5", "_", [ [ 32, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T6", "_", [ [ 36, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "nsubj:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R0", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R1", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R2", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R3", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R4", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R5", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: 1SG" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: AGT" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: school-principal" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: punish" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "embedded-1-S1-T1", "nsubj:pass" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1", null ],
    "text": "我 畀 校長 罰\n\"I'm being punished by the principal.\"",
    "error": false
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
# visual-style 4 1 nsubj:pass	color:blue
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
1	我	_	PRON	_	_	4	nsubj:pass	_	1SG
2	畀	_	ADP	_	_	3	case	_	AGT
3	人	_	NOUN	_	_	4	obl:agent	_	person
4	偷	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	punish
5	咗	_	AUX	_	_	4	aux	_	PERF
6	錢	_	VERB	_	_	4	obj	_	money

1	"Somebody	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
2	stole	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
3	money	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
4	from	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
5	me	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
6	(lit.	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
7	I	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
8	by	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
9	someone	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
10	stole	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
11	(my)	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
12	money)."	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 2, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AUX", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "VERB", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T1", "_", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T2", "_", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T3", "_", [ [ 28, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T4", "_", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T5", "_", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T6", "_", [ [ 42, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T7", "_", [ [ 48, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T8", "_", [ [ 50, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T9", "_", [ [ 53, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T10", "_", [ [ 61, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T11", "_", [ [ 67, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-T12", "_", [ [ 72, 80 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "nsubj:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R0", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R1", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R2", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R3", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R4", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R5", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R6", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R7", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R8", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R9", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R10", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S2-R11", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S2-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: 1SG" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: AGT" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: person" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: punish" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: PERF" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: money" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S2-T12", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "nsubj:pass" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2", null ],
    "text": "我 畀 人 偷 咗 錢\n\"Somebody stole money from me (lit. I by someone stole (my) money).\"",
    "error": false
}

References

• Matthews, Stephen and Virginia Yip. 2011. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd ed. Routledge.

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