This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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discourse: discourse element

This is used for interjections and other discourse particles and elements, which are not clearly linked to the structure of the sentence except in an expressive way.

Wow , det var kul :) \n Wow , that was fun :)
discourse(kul, :)-6)
discourse(kul, Wow)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

18 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

18 instances of discourse (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 8.22222222222222.

The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/INTJ (14; 78% instances), sv-pos/ADJ-sv-pos/INTJ (2; 11% instances), sv-pos/NOUN-sv-pos/INTJ (2; 11% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 1 discourse	color:blue
1	Jo	jo	INTJ	IN	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	5	punct	_	_
3	kvinnorna	kvinna	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	måste	måste	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	5	aux	_	_
5	betrakta	betrakta	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
6	även	även	ADV	AB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	detta	denna	PRON	PN|NEU|SIN|DEF|SUB/OBJ	Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	dobj	_	_
8	som	som	CONJ	KN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	sin	sig	DET	PS|UTR|SIN|DEF	Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	angelägenhet	angelägenhet	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	5	punct	_	_

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1	Ja	ja	INTJ	IN	_	21	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	21	punct	_	_
3	först	först	ADV	AB	_	21	advmod	_	_
4	och	och	CONJ	KN	_	3	mwe	_	_
5	främst	främst	ADV	AB|SUV	Degree=Sup	3	mwe	_	_
6	är	vara	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	21	cop	_	_
7	ju	ju	ADV	AB	_	21	advmod	_	_
8	detta	denna	PRON	PN|NEU|SIN|DEF|SUB/OBJ	Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	nsubj	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	MID	_	21	punct	_	_
10	sett	se	ADJ	PC|PRF|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
11	i	i	ADP	PP	_	16	case	_	_
12	ett	en	DET	DT|NEU|SIN|IND	Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	globalt	global	ADJ	JJ|POS|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	16	amod	_	_
14	och	och	CONJ	KN	_	13	cc	_	_
15	historiskt	historisk	ADJ	JJ|POS|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	perspektiv	perspektiv	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	MID	_	21	punct	_	_
18	ingalunda	ingalunda	ADV	AB	_	21	neg	_	_
19	något	någon	DET	DT|NEU|SIN|IND	Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
20	särskilt	särskilt	ADV	AB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	karakteristiskt	karakteristisk	ADJ	JJ|POS|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
22	för	för	ADP	PP	_	23	case	_	_
23	kristendomen	kristendom	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	21	punct	_	_

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# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 1 discourse	color:blue
1	Jo	jo	INTJ	IN	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	4	punct	_	_
3	ett	en	DET	DT|NEU|SIN|IND	Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	uttalande	uttalande	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	i	i	ADP	PP	_	6	case	_	_
6	Expressen	Expressen	PROPN	PM|NOM	Case=Nom	4	nmod	_	_
7	av	av	ADP	PP	_	8	case	_	_
8	Rose	Rose	PROPN	PM|NOM	Case=Nom	4	nmod	_	_
9	Kennedy	Kennedy	PROPN	PM|NOM	Case=Nom	8	name	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	4	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

177 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

177 instances of discourse (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 4.15819209039548.

The following 25 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/INTJ (68; 38% instances), sv-pos/NOUN-sv-pos/NUM (18; 10% instances), sv-pos/ADJ-sv-pos/INTJ (17; 10% instances), sv-pos/NOUN-sv-pos/INTJ (11; 6% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/NOUN (9; 5% instances), sv-pos/ADV-sv-pos/INTJ (6; 3% instances), sv-pos/PRON-sv-pos/INTJ (6; 3% instances), sv-pos/PROPN-sv-pos/INTJ (6; 3% instances), sv-pos/ADP-sv-pos/INTJ (5; 3% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/VERB (5; 3% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/NUM (4; 2% instances), sv-pos/INTJ-sv-pos/INTJ (3; 2% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/ADV (3; 2% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/PROPN (3; 2% instances), sv-pos/NOUN-sv-pos/PRON (2; 1% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/PRON (2; 1% instances), sv-pos/ADJ-sv-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/ADJ-sv-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/AUX-sv-pos/INTJ (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/AUX-sv-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/PART-sv-pos/INTJ (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/PRON-sv-pos/ADV (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/PRON-sv-pos/VERB (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/PROPN-sv-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances).

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1	Men	_	CONJ	_	_	2	cc	_	_
2	nej	_	INTJ	_	_	5	discourse	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	2	punct	_	_
4	det	_	PRON	EX-P3SG	_	5	expl	_	_
5	verkade	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
6	ändå	_	ADV	_	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	inte	_	PART	NEG	_	5	neg	_	_
8	så	_	ADV	_	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	5	punct	_	_

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1	1	_	NUM	ID	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	Filterfält	_	NOUN	IND-NOM	_	0	root	_	_

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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 1 discourse	color:blue
1	Ja	_	INTJ	_	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	1	punct	_	_
3	det	_	PRON	PERS-P3SG	_	6	nsubj	_	_
4	var	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	6	cop	_	_
5	fullt	_	ADV	_	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	möjligt	_	ADJ	POS-SG-IND	_	0	root	_	_
7	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	6	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish_Sign_Language)

This relation is universal.

20 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

12 instances of discourse (60%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.

The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/INTJ (11; 55% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/X (7; 35% instances), sv-pos/VERB-sv-pos/ADJ (1; 5% instances), sv-pos/X-sv-pos/INTJ (1; 5% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 1 discourse	color:blue
1	JA@ub@z	_	INTJ	INTERJ	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	FÖRSTÅ(L)	_	VERB	VB	_	0	root	_	_
3	VARFÖR	_	ADV	AB	_	2	mark	_	_
4	SMITA	_	VERB	VB	_	2	xcomp	_	_
5	FRÅN	_	ADP	PP	_	6	case	_	_
6	SKÅL	_	NOUN	NN	_	4	nmod	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 5 discourse	color:blue
1	SCHASA@ca	_	VERB	VBCA	_	0	root	_	_
2	BI	_	NOUN	NN	_	3	nsubj	_	_
3	BORTA	_	ADV	AB	_	1	advcl	_	_
4	FINEMANG	_	ADJ	JJ	_	1	discourse	_	_
5	LÅTA-VARA	_	X	G	_	1	discourse	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1 4 discourse	color:blue
1	SCHASA@ca	_	VERB	VBCA	_	0	root	_	_
2	BI	_	NOUN	NN	_	3	nsubj	_	_
3	BORTA	_	ADV	AB	_	1	advcl	_	_
4	FINEMANG	_	ADJ	JJ	_	1	discourse	_	_
5	LÅTA-VARA	_	X	G	_	1	discourse	_	_


discourse in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]