This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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discourse: discourse element

This is used for interjections and other discourse particles and elements (which are not clearly linked to the structure of the sentence, except in an expressive way). In Italian the use of discourse is attested for interjections (or nouns used as interjections) only, but is also generally recommended for emoticons or elements POS tagged as SYM not elsewhere classified.

Grazie/INTJ Italia , ti ho dato l' oro .
discourse(dato, Grazie)
Sì/INTJ , proprio l' Italia .
discourse(Italia, Sì)
Brava , brava , complimenti/INTJ .
discourse(Brava, complimenti)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This relation is universal.

61 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

49 instances of discourse (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 5.13114754098361.

The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/INTJ (38; 62% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/INTJ (6; 10% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/INTJ (5; 8% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/INTJ (3; 5% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/INTJ (3; 5% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/INTJ (2; 3% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/X (1; 2% instances), it-pos/INTJ-it-pos/INTJ (1; 2% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/NOUN (1; 2% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 2 discourse	color:blue
1	"	"	PUNCT	FB	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Grazie	grazie	INTJ	I	_	7	discourse	_	_
3	Italia	Italia	PROPN	SP	_	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	2	punct	_	_
5	ti	ti	PRON	PC	Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Clit	7	iobj	_	_
6	ho	avere	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	dato	dare	VERB	V	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	l'	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	9	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	oro	oro	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	7	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	FB	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 1 discourse	color:blue
1	Oddio	oddio	INTJ	I	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	1	punct	_	_
3	non	non	ADV	BN	PronType=Neg	9	neg	_	_
4	che	che	SCONJ	CS	_	5	mark	_	_
5	Berlusconi	Berlusconi	PROPN	SP	_	9	csubj	_	_
6	sia	essere	VERB	V	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	un	uno	DET	RI	Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	gran	grande	ADJ	A	Number=Sing	9	amod	_	_
9	femminista	femminista	NOUN	S	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	9	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 3 discourse	color:blue
1	"	"	PUNCT	FB	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ma	ma	CONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
3	no	no	INTJ	I	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	FF	_	3	punct	_	_
5	non	non	ADV	BN	PronType=Neg	7	neg	_	_
6	è	essere	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	così	così	ADV	B	_	0	root	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	FB	_	9	punct	_	_
9	replica	replicare	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
10	Ante	Ante	PROPN	SP	_	9	nsubj	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	FB	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	7	punct	_	_


discourse in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]