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compound:redup: reduplicated compounds

This subtype of compound covers a range of reduplicated forms in Turkish. Reduplication is a common process especially for adverbs and adjectives, but it is also used for reduplicated noun and verb forms.

The reduplication typically involves two identical words, but some morpho-phonological alternations (as in m-reduplication in example 3 below) are possible. In some cases one of the words in reduplicated forms may also be modified individually by other words (see example 4 below).

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Koca koca adamlar oyun oynuyorlar . \n _Big (+emph)_ men are playing games .
compound:redup(koca-2, Koca-1)
{
    "text": "Koca koca adamlar oyun oynuyorlar . \n _Big (+emph)_ men are playing games . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 43, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 56, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 60, 67 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 68, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 74, 75 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Açık açık söylüyorum . \n I am telling it _clearly_
compound:redup(açık-2, Açık-1)
{
    "text": "Açık açık söylüyorum . \n I am telling it _clearly_ ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 41, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Araba maraba almışlar . \n They bought (a) car (and things like that)
compound:redup(Araba, maraba)
{
    "text": "Araba maraba almışlar . \n They bought (a) car (and things like that) ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 42, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 58, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 68 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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Güzel mi güzel bir kız . \n A pretty (emphasized) girl .
compound:redup(güzel-3, Güzel)
advmod:emph(Güzel-1, mi)
{
    "text": "Güzel mi güzel bir kız . \n A pretty (emphasized) girl . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 29, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 36, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T12", "token", [ [ 54, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "advmod:emph", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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Herşeyi kendi kendilerine planlamışlar . \n They planed it all by themselves .
compound:redup(kendilerine, kendi)
{
    "text": "Herşeyi kendi kendilerine planlamışlar . \n They planed it all by themselves . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 26, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 43, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 48, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 55, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 58, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T11", "token", [ [ 62, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T12", "token", [ [ 65, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T13", "token", [ [ 76, 77 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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Ayağını sürükleye sürükleye yürüyordu . \n He\/she was walking by dragging his\/her feet.
compound:redup(sürükleye-3, sürükleye-2)
{
    "text": "Ayağını sürükleye sürükleye yürüyordu . \n He/she was walking by dragging his/her feet. ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 18, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 28, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T5", "token", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 42, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 53, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T10", "token", [ [ 61, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T11", "token", [ [ 64, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T12", "token", [ [ 73, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T13", "token", [ [ 81, 86 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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Bu kadar zamanda okusa okusa birkaç sayfa okumuştur . \n In that time he\/she could have read _at most_ half of it .
compound:redup(okusa-5, okusa-4)
{
    "text": "Bu kadar zamanda okusa okusa birkaç sayfa okumuştur . \n In that time he/she could have read _at most_ half of it . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T6", "token", [ [ 29, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "token", [ [ 36, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T8", "token", [ [ 42, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 52, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T11", "token", [ [ 56, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T12", "token", [ [ 59, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T13", "token", [ [ 64, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T14", "token", [ [ 69, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T15", "token", [ [ 76, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T16", "token", [ [ 82, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T17", "token", [ [ 87, 91 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T18", "token", [ [ 92, 95 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T19", "token", [ [ 96, 101 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T20", "token", [ [ 102, 106 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T21", "token", [ [ 107, 109 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T22", "token", [ [ 110, 112 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T23", "token", [ [ 113, 114 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

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Mektubu aldı alalı odasından çıkmadı . \n He\/she has not left his\/her room since he\/she got the letter
compound:redup(aldı, alalı)
{
    "text": "Mektubu aldı alalı odasından çıkmadı . \n He/she has not left his/her room since he/she got the letter ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-8-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T5", "token", [ [ 29, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T6", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T8", "token", [ [ 41, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T9", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T11", "token", [ [ 56, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T12", "token", [ [ 61, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T13", "token", [ [ 69, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T14", "token", [ [ 74, 79 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T15", "token", [ [ 80, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T16", "token", [ [ 87, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T17", "token", [ [ 91, 94 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T18", "token", [ [ 95, 101 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-8-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "8" ]
}

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Mektubu alır almaz yanıt verdi . \n He\/she responded as soon as he\/she received the letter .
compound:redup(almaz, alır)
{
    "text": "Mektubu alır almaz yanıt verdi . \n He/she responded as soon as he/she received the letter . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-9-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T6", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T9", "token", [ [ 42, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T11", "token", [ [ 55, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T12", "token", [ [ 60, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T14", "token", [ [ 70, 78 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T15", "token", [ [ 79, 82 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T16", "token", [ [ 83, 89 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T17", "token", [ [ 90, 91 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-9-R1", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "9" ]
}

For lexicalized multi-word items with repetition where one or more of the words are not free lexemes, (e.g. paldır küldür, ufak tefek), we use mwe.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This relation is a language-specific subtype of compound. There are also 1 other language-specific subtypes of compound: compound:lvc.

10 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as compound:redup.

10 instances of compound:redup (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.

The following 1 pairs of parts of speech are connected with compound:redup: X-X (10; 100% instances).

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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 compound:redup	color:blue
1	Takır	takır	X	Dup	Echo=Rdp	2	compound:redup	_	_
2	takır	takır	X	Dup	Echo=Rdp	0	root	_	_
3	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	2	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-10-S1-T1", "X", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "X", [ [ 6, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-S1-T3", "PUNCT", [ [ 12, 13 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-10-S1-A1", "Echo", "embedded-10-S1-T1", "Rdp" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-A2", "Echo", "embedded-10-S1-T2", "Rdp" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-10-S1-R0", "compound:redup", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-S1-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-S1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-10-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: takır" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Dup" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: takır" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Dup" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Punc" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-10-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-10-S1-T2", "embedded-10-S1-T1", "compound:redup" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "10" ],
    "text": "Takır takır .",
    "error": false
}

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