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ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. Adjectives in Slovenian normally agree in gender, case and number with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. velik škandal “a big scandal” (masculine nominative singular), v velikih podjetjih “in big companies” (neuter locative plural) and Ponudba je velika. “The offer is big.” (feminine nominative singular).

In accordance with the universal description of ADJ, some words that have traditionally been categorized as numerals in Slovenian are also treated as adjectives, as they display similar morphological and syntactic properties. These include ordinal written numerals (e.g. prvi “the first”, drugi “the second”, tretji, “the third”) and tuples (e.g. enojen “single”, dvojen “double”, trojen “triple”).

In the same way, all adjectival participles are classified as adjectives, regardless of whether they are used as attributes (e.g. prepovedane substance “forbidden substances”), in copula constructions (e.g. kajenje je prepovedano “smoking is forbidden”) or in passive constructions (e.g. to ji je bilo prepovedano “it was forbidden to her”).

Examples

• star “old”, zelen “green”, nerazumljiv “incomprehensible”
• človekov “human’s”, Nobelov “Nobel’s”, kalcijev “calcium’s”
• znan “known”, zaposlen “employed”, povezan “connected”
• prvi “first”, drugi “second”, tretji “third”
• enojen “single”, dvojen “double”, trojen “triple”

Conversion from JOS

All adjectives are converted to ADJ. In addition to that, some numerals also become ADJ, namely: numerals with Form=letter and Type=ordinal; numeral with Form=letter, Type=ordinal and lemma drug; numerals with Form=letter, Type=special and lemma ending in -en.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 3875 ADJ lemmas (23%), 8167 ADJ types (25%) and 15027 ADJ tokens (11%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: drug, velik, nov, prvi, slovenski, dober, sam, evropski, star, zadnji

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: drugi, mogoče, prvi, druge, sam, novo, drugih, nove, različnih, slovenski

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: mlad (ADJ 72, NOUN 1), pravi (ADJ 66, NOUN 2), dolg (ADJ 60, NOUN 7), svet (NOUN 131, ADJ 16), moški (NOUN 26, ADJ 14), poceni (ADJ 14, ADV 1), gost (NOUN 18, ADJ 12), razen (ADJ 11, ADP 8, CONJ 1), gol (ADJ 7, NOUN 2), lev (NOUN 8, ADJ 6)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: mogoče (ADJ 67, ADV 6), sam (ADJ 50, PART 7), veliko (ADV 45, DET 43, ADJ 36), pravi (VERB 33, ADJ 24), jasno (ADJ 21, ADV 8), dobro (ADV 48, ADJ 22, NOUN 2), težko (ADJ 21, ADV 19), prihodnje (ADJ 17, ADV 1), lepo (ADJ 15, ADV 13), delovno (ADJ 8, ADV 1)

• mogoče
  • ADJ 67: Obe napaki je mogoče popraviti s kirurškim posegom .
  • ADV 6: Da je bil mogoče ranjen ali da je izgubil spomin .
• sam
  • ADJ 50: Želel je biti sam .
  • PART 7: — Ma , morš izpast totalno navdušen , sam pol pa vseen zajebat .
• veliko
  • ADV 45: » Deveto mesto mi zares veliko pomeni , saj je dokaz , da napredujem .
  • DET 43: Ali ima center veliko dela spričo tako hudih medvrstniških obračunavanj ?
  • ADJ 36: Na zadnji hrbtni bodici ima veliko črno piko .
• pravi
  • VERB 33: Že star rek pravi , da zdravnik pomaga , narava pa pozdravi .
  • ADJ 24: Zanje so vojaki iz mirovnih enot pravi bogataši .
• jasno
  • ADJ 21: ” Ni mi jasno , zakaj se hočejo znebiti tebe , “ je rekel kolegu .
  • ADV 8: Je pa treba nekaj jasno vedeti .
• dobro
  • ADV 48: Videz je bil seveda varljiv , kar je Fran dobro vedela .
  • ADJ 22: V njih iščejo dobro in nemalokrat odkrijejo tudi skrito nadarjenost .
  • NOUN 2: Denar sam po sebi ni ne dobro ne zlo , eno ali drugo postane šele v zvezi s človekovim delovanjem .
• težko
  • ADJ 21: Buč ni težko gojiti .
  • ADV 19: Če se težko sprijaznite z njenim položajem , se skušajte mirno pogovoriti z njo .
• prihodnje
  • ADJ 17: Novo prvenstvo se prične marca prihodnje leto .
  • ADV 1: In kdo bo tisti , ki se bo moral v prihodnje spopadati s » pritiski , prisiljenimi odločitvami , kadrovskimi interesi in kratkoročnimi cilji « ?
• lepo
  • ADJ 15: Revija Zdravje je tudi lepo darilo najbližjim .
  • ADV 13: Zelo lepo je .
• delovno
  • ADJ 8: Pa ob vznožju najvišje koroške gore Pece v soboto ni vladalo zgolj delovno vzdušje .
  • ADV 1: Stvari bolj ali manj tečejo svojo pot , zato se podjetja trenutno ne tepejo niti za študente , ki so končali praktične oziroma delovno intenzivne MBA študije .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 2.107613 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).

The 1st highest number of forms (29) was observed with the lemma “velik”: največja, največje, največjega, največjem, največji, največjih, največjim, največjima, največjo, tavelzga, velik, velika, velike, velikega, velikem, velikemu, veliki, velikih, velikim, velikimi, veliko, večja, večje, večjega, večjem, večji, večjih, večjimi, večjo.

The 2nd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “majhen”: majhen, majhna, majhne, majhnega, majhnemu, majhni, majhnih, majhnim, majhnimi, majhno, manjša, manjše, manjšem, manjšemu, manjši, manjših, manjšim, manjšimi, manjšo, mejhen, najmanjša, najmanjše, najmanjši, najmanjših.

The 3rd highest number of forms (23) was observed with the lemma “dober”: boljša, boljše, boljšega, boljši, boljših, dober, dobra, dobre, dobrega, dobrem, dobri, dobrih, dobrim, dobrimi, dobro, najboljša, najboljše, najboljšega, najboljšem, najboljši, najboljših, najboljšim, najboljšo.

ADJ occurs with 8 features: sl-feat/Case (15027; 100% instances), sl-feat/Gender (15027; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (15027; 100% instances), sl-feat/Degree (14346; 95% instances), sl-feat/Definite (2068; 14% instances), sl-feat/VerbForm (1929; 13% instances), sl-feat/Poss (384; 3% instances), sl-feat/NumType (314; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 21 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, NumType=Gen, NumType=Ord, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 262 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing (1030 tokens). Examples: sama, velika, slovenska, nova, edina, stara, lepa, prava, dobra, primerna

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: sl-dep/amod (11760; 78% instances), sl-dep/root (1045; 7% instances), sl-dep/conj (814; 5% instances), sl-dep/nmod (279; 2% instances), sl-dep/acl (260; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (170; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (166; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (145; 1% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (136; 1% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (132; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (49; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (41; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (18; 0% instances), sl-dep/iobj (12; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (11699; 78% instances), VERB (1063; 7% instances), ROOT (1045; 7% instances), ADJ (820; 5% instances), PROPN (261; 2% instances), PRON (94; 1% instances), ADV (21; 0% instances), NUM (12; 0% instances), X (9; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

11526 (77%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

901 (6%) ADJ nodes have one child.

594 (4%) ADJ nodes have two children.

2006 (13%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 12.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 24 different relations: sl-dep/punct (2356; 19% instances), sl-dep/cop (1906; 15% instances), sl-dep/advmod (1828; 15% instances), sl-dep/nmod (1323; 11% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (1080; 9% instances), sl-dep/conj (844; 7% instances), sl-dep/cc (675; 5% instances), sl-dep/mark (569; 5% instances), sl-dep/aux (532; 4% instances), sl-dep/case (256; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (226; 2% instances), sl-dep/csubj (222; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (170; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (170; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (72; 1% instances), sl-dep/nummod (59; 0% instances), sl-dep/neg (30; 0% instances), sl-dep/amod (25; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (14; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (14; 0% instances), sl-dep/discourse (11; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (2641; 21% instances), PUNCT (2356; 19% instances), NOUN (2056; 17% instances), ADV (1291; 10% instances), ADJ (820; 7% instances), CONJ (806; 7% instances), SCONJ (568; 5% instances), AUX (532; 4% instances), PART (473; 4% instances), PRON (376; 3% instances), ADP (237; 2% instances), PROPN (164; 1% instances), NUM (68; 1% instances), X (4; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 701 ADJ lemmas (17%), 1097 ADJ types (17%) and 1665 ADJ tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: drug, dober, prvi, sam, velik, lep, glaven, nov, star, mali

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: dobro, drugo, prvi, drugi, dober, zanimivo, druga, drugega, glavnem, lep

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: moški (ADJ 5, NOUN 5), peti (ADJ 5, VERB 3), dolg (ADJ 3, NOUN 3), fajn (ADV 10, ADJ 3), super (ADV 13, ADJ 3), frej (ADJ 2, ADV 2), pet (NUM 17, ADJ 2), dan (NOUN 44, ADJ 1), gol (NOUN 2, ADJ 1), kamen (NOUN 3, ADJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: dobro (ADV 46, ADJ 18), drugo (ADJ 17, NOUN 1), zanimivo (ADJ 10, ADV 3), druga (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), celo (PART 7, ADJ 6), mogoče (ADV 18, ADJ 6), prvo (ADJ 6, ADV 4), pravi (VERB 30, ADJ 5), jasno (ADV 4, ADJ 4), podobno (ADJ 4, ADV 2)

• dobro
  • ADV 46: pa dobro saj boljše je saj
  • ADJ 18: samo je dobro veš
• drugo
  • ADJ 17: ker bom šla drugo leto ven študirat
  • NOUN 1: tedaj pa eno drugo poišči ta žena tako stara ven izgleda eno mlajšo poišči a tukaj je še heidi notri
• zanimivo
  • ADJ 10: prehladil kaj mišice in pol bo pa zanimivo
  • ADV 3: u zanimivo
• druga
  • ADJ 9: eee druga zadeva je majhen priročen gre kamorkoli hočeš
  • NOUN 1: prva druga tretja skupina
• celo
  • PART 7: tako da mogoče je to celo zanimivo ne
  • ADJ 6: ti boš v bistvu celo solato naredil ne ?
• mogoče
  • ADV 18: tako da mogoče je to celo zanimivo ne
  • ADJ 6: mogoče je boljše da naredimo vse nek [gap] betonsko neko betonsko podlago
• prvo
  • ADJ 6: kaj pa prva dajmo prvo pogledati še enkrat
  • ADV 4: ne bo držalo dajva najprej tisto napisati kar si že prvo rekel
• pravi
  • VERB 30: pa pravi [name:personal] pa daj saj ena številka ti pa še viška hodi ne
  • ADJ 5: ja samo ko bo pač pravi čas za to ne
• jasno
  • ADV 4: jasno dodan ima še slalom
  • ADJ 4: kaj [speaker:laughter] a veš nič jasno bilo sploh samo tako šok ne
• podobno
  • ADJ 4: eee je je to v bistvu eee tudi eee v potrebno imeti dosti izolirano hišo ali je to bolj podobno klasiki ne vem olju drva drva v bistvu ogrevanje na drva
  • ADV 2: ja saj v resnici je tudi doma podobno ne

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.564907 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.575031).

The 1st highest number of forms (13) was observed with the lemma “dober”: boljša, boljše, boljšem, boljši, boljšo, dober, dobra, dobri, dobrih, dobrimi, dobro, najboljša, najboljše.

The 2nd highest number of forms (12) was observed with the lemma “velik”: največja, največje, največji, velik, velika, velike, velikega, velikih, veliko, večja, večje, večji.

The 3rd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “drug”: drug, druga, druge, drugega, drugem, drugemu, drugi, drugih, drugim, drugimi, drugo.

ADJ occurs with 9 features: sl-feat/Case (1665; 100% instances), sl-feat/Gender (1665; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (1665; 100% instances), sl-feat/Degree (1506; 90% instances), sl-feat/Definite (313; 19% instances), sl-feat/VerbForm (186; 11% instances), sl-feat/NumType (87; 5% instances), sl-feat/Poss (28; 2% instances), sl-feat/PronType (28; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, NumType=Gen, NumType=Ord, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Poss=Yes, PronType=Prs, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 150 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing (182 tokens). Examples: lepa, rdeča, glavna, sama, dobra, edina, stara, logična, nova, osebna

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: sl-dep/amod (992; 60% instances), sl-dep/root (206; 12% instances), sl-dep/conj (87; 5% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (78; 5% instances), sl-dep/nmod (76; 5% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (41; 2% instances), sl-dep/acl (33; 2% instances), sl-dep/dobj (30; 2% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (30; 2% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (25; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (21; 1% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/advmod (9; 1% instances), sl-dep/mwe (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (1019; 61% instances), VERB (259; 16% instances), ROOT (206; 12% instances), ADJ (84; 5% instances), PRON (43; 3% instances), PROPN (24; 1% instances), ADV (16; 1% instances), NUM (9; 1% instances), X (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

1071 (64%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

178 (11%) ADJ nodes have one child.

103 (6%) ADJ nodes have two children.

313 (19%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 15.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 33 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (386; 20% instances), sl-dep/cop (314; 16% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (160; 8% instances), sl-dep/nmod (118; 6% instances), sl-dep/cc (102; 5% instances), sl-dep/punct (93; 5% instances), sl-dep/discourse (89; 5% instances), sl-dep/conj (88; 5% instances), sl-dep/mark (74; 4% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (69; 4% instances), sl-dep/aux (68; 3% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (64; 3% instances), sl-dep/case (62; 3% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (60; 3% instances), sl-dep/advcl (39; 2% instances), sl-dep/det (30; 2% instances), sl-dep/csubj (23; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (21; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (19; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/nummod (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/neg (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (478; 25% instances), ADV (281; 14% instances), NOUN (197; 10% instances), PART (167; 9% instances), CONJ (134; 7% instances), PRON (124; 6% instances), X (104; 5% instances), ADJ (84; 4% instances), SCONJ (81; 4% instances), AUX (72; 4% instances), INTJ (69; 4% instances), ADP (67; 3% instances), DET (30; 2% instances), PUNCT (24; 1% instances), PROPN (23; 1% instances), NUM (12; 1% instances)

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ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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