This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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vocative: vocative

The vocative relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in a text (common in conversations, dialogue, emails, newsgroup postings, etc.). The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence. A vocative commonly co-occurs with a null subject, as in the first example below. If the nominal is clearly vocative in intent, the preference is to use the vocative relation.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese-Bosque)

This relation is universal.

31 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

24 instances of vocative (77%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.29032258064516.

The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: VERB-PRON (18; 58% instances), VERB-NOUN (7; 23% instances), NOUN-NOUN (2; 6% instances), VERB-PROPN (2; 6% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 3% instances), INTJ-PROPN (1; 3% instances).


vocative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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