ADJ
: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in
El coche es verde. “The car is green.”
In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun, e.g. La casa amarilla “The yellow house”, although sometimes they may also precede the noun, e.g. La blanca nieve “The white snow”.
Adjectives in Spanish agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, e.g. la casa amarilla (femenine singular), las casas amarillas (femenine plural).
The class of adjectives in Spanish UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically. Note that participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on context, they may be classified as either VERB or ADJ.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
Examples
- grande “big”
- viejo “old”
- verde “green”
- incomprensible “incomprehensible”
- primero “first”, segundo “second”, tercero “third”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish)
There are 4755 ADJ
lemmas (12%), 6856 ADJ
types (13%) and 24895 ADJ
tokens (6%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: primero, nuevo, mismo, gran, mayor, buen, principal, segundo, último, mejor
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: gran, primera, primer, mismo, mayor, nuevo, estadounidense, total, mejor, nacional
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 632, NOUN 45, PROPN 27, ADV 23), nuevo (ADJ 410, PROPN 40, NOUN 7, ADV 1), mismo (ADJ 320, NOUN 103, PRON 9, ADV 2), gran (ADJ 273, PROPN 47), mayor (ADJ 230, NOUN 10, PROPN 9, ADV 2, X 1), buen (ADJ 203, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), principal (ADJ 201, PROPN 3, NOUN 2), segundo (ADJ 189, NOUN 46, PROPN 27, VERB 1), último (ADJ 187, NOUN 61, PROPN 2, X 1), mejor (ADJ 186, NOUN 29, ADV 29, PROPN 3)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primera (ADJ 242, NOUN 12), primer (ADJ 247, PROPN 1), mismo (ADJ 199, NOUN 54, PRON 3, ADV 1), mayor (ADJ 187, NOUN 4, ADV 2, PROPN 2, X 1), nuevo (ADJ 179, ADV 1), estadounidense (ADJ 151, NOUN 2), total (ADJ 134, NOUN 80), mejor (ADJ 124, ADV 29, NOUN 25), grandes (ADJ 113, NOUN 9), nueva (ADJ 115, NOUN 3)
- primera
- primer
- ADJ 247: Incluido en su primer disco como el segundo corte .
- PROPN 1: El paso también conocido con el nombre de “ primer y mayor paso bajo el cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 雄关 ) , no debe confundir se con el “ Primer Paso bajo el Cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 关 ) , un nombre de el Paso Shanhai en el extremo oriental de la Gran Muralla , cerca de Qinhuangdao , en Hebei .
- mismo
- ADJ 199: En ese mismo año fue campeón de Francia de persecución .
- NOUN 54: Lo mismo ocurre debido a agitaciones de el vehículo en movimiento .
- PRON 3: Los ministros miembros de las Fuerzas Nuevas iniciarion un boicot a el Gobierno en septiembre de 2003 para regresar a el mismo en enero de 2004 .
- ADV 1: Vodafone España todavía no ha desvelado los detalles de el lanzamiento de el Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1v , parece que en Portugal ya están preparados para comenzar con la venta desde mañana mismo .
- mayor
- ADJ 187: Esta obra se erige en la plaza mayor de Bogotá desde 1848 .
- NOUN 4: El mayor fue quien anunció a Alejandro que Darío había sido arrestado por Besos .
- ADV 2: La ubicación en Hobart tiene una tienda que contiene la mayor parte de la línea “ Botanic Choice “ y también vende productos a el por mayor .
- PROPN 2: El paso también conocido con el nombre de “ primer y mayor paso bajo el cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 雄关 ) , no debe confundir se con el “ Primer Paso bajo el Cielo “ ( chino : 天下第一 关 ) , un nombre de el Paso Shanhai en el extremo oriental de la Gran Muralla , cerca de Qinhuangdao , en Hebei .
- X 1: La ciudad se administra mediante un alcalde ( mayor ) elegido cada cuatro años , y un concejo ( Common Council ) de doce miembros ( alderpersons ) elegidos cada dos años en base a uno por cada uno de los doce distritos electorales municipales .
- nuevo
- ADJ 179: Así que debemos dar le la bienvenida a el nuevo sistema .
- ADV 1: Dos grupos de delfines que sumaban nueve ejemplares vararon este sábado en dos diferentes puntos de la costa asturiana , según ha informado la Coordinadora para el Estudio y la Protección de las Especies Marinas ( Cepesma ) , que ha indicado que fueron salvados siete y llevados de nuevo a mar abierto .
- estadounidense
- total
- mejor
- grandes
- nueva
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.441851 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.255739).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “tercero”: tercer, tercera, terceras, tercero, terceros.
The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “abierto”: abierta, abiertas, abierto, abiertos.
ADJ
occurs with 5 features: es-feat/Number (24201; 97% instances), es-feat/Gender (15362; 62% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (2000; 8% instances), es-feat/NumType (941; 4% instances), es-feat/Degree (591; 2% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs
, Degree=Cmp
, Degree=Sup
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, VerbForm=Ger
, VerbForm=Inf
, VerbForm=Part
ADJ
occurs with 33 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(5954 tokens).
Examples: gran, estadounidense, primera, total, primer, nacional, principal, importante, general, mismo
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 29 different relations: es-dep/amod (20041; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1436; 6% instances), es-dep/root (1030; 4% instances), es-dep/nummod (895; 4% instances), es-dep/xcomp (324; 1% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (180; 1% instances), es-dep/ccomp (160; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (159; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (159; 1% instances), es-dep/case (114; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (98; 0% instances), es-dep/mwe (55; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (41; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (31; 0% instances), es-dep/acl (30; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (24; 0% instances), es-dep/advmod (23; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj (22; 0% instances), es-dep/det (20; 0% instances), es-dep/dobj (17; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (13; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubjpass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), es-dep/name (1; 0% instances), es-dep/neg (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (20337; 82% instances), VERB (1295; 5% instances), ADJ (1184; 5% instances), ROOT (1030; 4% instances), PROPN (541; 2% instances), PRON (195; 1% instances), SYM (77; 0% instances), X (75; 0% instances), NUM (45; 0% instances), ADP (44; 0% instances), ADV (43; 0% instances), DET (17; 0% instances), CONJ (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)
19350 (78%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
1946 (8%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
1200 (5%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
2399 (10%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 18.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 29 different relations: es-dep/punct (2692; 17% instances), es-dep/cop (2145; 13% instances), es-dep/nmod (2097; 13% instances), es-dep/advmod (1978; 12% instances), es-dep/conj (1640; 10% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1371; 9% instances), es-dep/cc (1287; 8% instances), es-dep/mark (536; 3% instances), es-dep/case (465; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (435; 3% instances), es-dep/det (216; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (174; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (174; 1% instances), es-dep/aux (124; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (114; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (108; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (71; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (66; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (60; 0% instances), es-dep/neg (31; 0% instances), es-dep/dobj (24; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (24; 0% instances), es-dep/auxpass (23; 0% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubjpass (12; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (3265; 21% instances), NOUN (2876; 18% instances), PUNCT (2690; 17% instances), ADV (2042; 13% instances), CONJ (1280; 8% instances), ADJ (1184; 7% instances), ADP (612; 4% instances), SCONJ (474; 3% instances), PROPN (406; 3% instances), PRON (374; 2% instances), DET (221; 1% instances), SYM (187; 1% instances), AUX (145; 1% instances), X (68; 0% instances), NUM (67; 0% instances), PART (6; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish-AnCora)
There are 4797 ADJ
lemmas (16%), 8207 ADJ
types (19%) and 36444 ADJ
tokens (7%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ
is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ
lemmas: primero, nuevo, último, pasado, próximo, español, gran, mayor, segundo, buen
The 10 most frequent ADJ
types: pasado, primer, gran, nuevo, primera, mayor, próximo, nueva, últimos, mejor
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 813, ADV 28), último (ADJ 511, NOUN 23), pasado (ADJ 481, NOUN 76), próximo (ADJ 394, NOUN 9), español (ADJ 378, NOUN 70), mayor (ADJ 306, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 300, NOUN 46), buen (ADJ 262, NOUN 3), mejor (ADJ 238, ADV 43, NOUN 5), general (ADJ 223, NOUN 64)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: pasado (ADJ 393, NOUN 76, VERB 50, AUX 4), primera (ADJ 271, NOUN 1), mayor (ADJ 248, PROPN 2), nueva (ADJ 201, NOUN 1), mejor (ADJ 180, ADV 42, NOUN 5), general (ADJ 179, NOUN 60), ex (ADJ 167, NOUN 27), segunda (ADJ 161, NOUN 1), español (ADJ 154, NOUN 36), grandes (ADJ 145, NOUN 1)
- pasado
- ADJ 393: Siete de ellos están en la lista desde el año pasado .
- NOUN 76: Su pasado juega un papel vital en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos .
- VERB 50: - - Han pasado más de cuatro años desde su último disco .
- AUX 4: Ayer , nadie estaba seguro de que De Niro hubiera hablado o pasado por el festival .
- primera
- mayor
- nueva
- mejor
- general
- ex
- segunda
- español
- grandes
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ
is 1.710861 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.501056).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “buen”: buen, buena, buenas, bueno, buenos.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “chino”: china, chinas, chino, chino’, chinos.
The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.
ADJ
occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (35658; 98% instances), es-feat/Gender (24251; 67% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (6510; 18% instances), es-feat/NumType (1956; 5% instances), es-feat/AdpType (187; 1% instances), es-feat/AdvType (13; 0% instances)
ADJ
occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Prep
, AdpType=Preppron
, AdvType=Tim
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, NumType=Ord
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, VerbForm=Part
ADJ
occurs with 19 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing
(8220 tokens).
Examples: gran, mayor, pasado, mejor, general, primer, posible, primera, actual, electoral
Relations
ADJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 25 different relations: es-dep/amod (29512; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1628; 4% instances), es-dep/dobj (1391; 4% instances), es-dep/root (915; 3% instances), es-dep/advmod (609; 2% instances), es-dep/ccomp (529; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (385; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (338; 1% instances), es-dep/nsubj (269; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (169; 0% instances), es-dep/case (166; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (154; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (99; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (54; 0% instances), es-dep/name (52; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (50; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (46; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (30; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (20; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (11; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (10; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (4; 0% instances), es-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), es-dep/det (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (28092; 77% instances), VERB (3299; 9% instances), ADJ (1748; 5% instances), PROPN (1290; 4% instances), ROOT (915; 3% instances), PRON (279; 1% instances), ADP (257; 1% instances), NUM (254; 1% instances), DET (113; 0% instances), ADV (72; 0% instances), AUX (48; 0% instances), SCONJ (27; 0% instances), CONJ (23; 0% instances), SYM (18; 0% instances), PUNCT (6; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
26045 (71%) ADJ
nodes are leaves.
3723 (10%) ADJ
nodes have one child.
2490 (7%) ADJ
nodes have two children.
4186 (11%) ADJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ
node is 17.
Children of ADJ
nodes are attached using 27 different relations: es-dep/punct (5405; 19% instances), es-dep/nmod (3689; 13% instances), es-dep/advmod (3288; 12% instances), es-dep/cop (2572; 9% instances), es-dep/dobj (1991; 7% instances), es-dep/conj (1725; 6% instances), es-dep/cc (1671; 6% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1650; 6% instances), es-dep/det (1356; 5% instances), es-dep/mark (1087; 4% instances), es-dep/case (838; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (689; 2% instances), es-dep/aux (385; 1% instances), es-dep/neg (358; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (357; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (324; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (284; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (245; 1% instances), es-dep/xcomp (149; 1% instances), es-dep/name (117; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (54; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (50; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (35; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (23; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (20; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), es-dep/auxpass:reflex (3; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (5504; 19% instances), PUNCT (5406; 19% instances), ADV (3310; 12% instances), VERB (2550; 9% instances), AUX (2178; 8% instances), ADJ (1748; 6% instances), CONJ (1697; 6% instances), PROPN (1426; 5% instances), DET (1421; 5% instances), ADP (1338; 5% instances), SCONJ (930; 3% instances), PRON (661; 2% instances), NUM (174; 1% instances), SYM (19; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]