iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a (verbal) predicate is the nominal which is the dative
object of the verb. The relation iobj is used for objects that are not direct
objects. It occurs only when there is a dobj or ccomp in the clause.
She gave me a raise
iobj(gave, me)
Note that prepositional phrases are not considered core arguments in English, hence in she gave it to me, the to me part is attached as nmod although semantically it corresponds to the dative.
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
460 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
460 instances of iobj (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.16086956521739.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (389; 85% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (46; 10% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (22; 5% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 iobj color:blue
1 Catriona Catriona PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 well well ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _
4 and and CONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _
5 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _
6 landed land VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _
7 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 6 iobj _ _
8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
9 pretty pretty ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _
10 cool cool ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _
11 job job NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 dobj _ _
12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _
13 PR pr NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 iobj color:blue
1 Do do AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ SpaceAfter=No
2 n't not PART RB _ 3 neg _ _
3 give give VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 these these DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 det _ _
5 guys guy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 iobj _ _
6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 penny penny NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 iobj color:blue
1 Is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _
2 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
3 Microwave microwave NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 dobj _ _
5 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
6 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 Dan Dan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 iobj _ _
8 really really ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _
9 expensive expensive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)
This relation is universal.
207 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
204 instances of iobj (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.07729468599034.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (190; 92% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (14; 7% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (2; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 24 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 24 fgColor:white
# visual-style 23 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 23 fgColor:white
# visual-style 23 24 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
7 _ _ ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
8 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
9 _ _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
10 _ _ PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _
11 _ _ CONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 8 conj _ _
13 _ _ ADP IN _ 16 case _ _
14 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 16 nmod:poss _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 12 nmod _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _
18 _ _ PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
19 _ _ AUX VBP _ 21 aux _ _
20 _ _ PRON PRP _ 21 nsubj _ _
21 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 parataxis _ _
22 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 nsubj _ _
23 _ _ VERB VBP _ 21 ccomp _ _
24 _ _ PRON PRP _ 23 iobj _ _
25 _ _ ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _
26 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 dobj _ _
27 _ _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 12 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 12 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ DET DT _ 2 det _ _
2 _ _ NOUN NN _ 5 nsubj _ _
3 _ _ VERB VBD _ 5 cop _ _
4 _ _ ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _
5 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 0 root _ _
6 _ _ ADP IN _ 7 case _ _
7 _ _ PRON PRP _ 5 nmod _ _
8 _ _ CONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _
9 _ _ PRON PRP _ 10 nsubj _ _
10 _ _ VERB VBD _ 5 conj _ _
11 _ _ DET DT _ 12 det _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 10 iobj _ _
13 _ _ DET DT _ 15 det _ _
14 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 15 amod _ _
15 _ _ NOUN NN _ 10 dobj _ _
16 _ _ PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _
17 _ _ DET WDT _ 19 nsubjpass _ _
18 _ _ AUX VBD _ 19 auxpass _ _
19 _ _ VERB VBD _ 15 acl:relcl _ _
20 _ _ ADP IN _ 21 case _ _
21 _ _ NOUN NN _ 19 nmod _ _
22 _ _ ADP IN _ 24 case _ _
23 _ _ DET DT _ 24 det _ _
24 _ _ NOUN NN _ 19 nmod _ _
25 _ _ PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
# visual-style 17 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 17 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 16 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 17 iobj color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 11 nmod _ _
4 _ _ SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 3 acl:relcl _ _
7 _ _ PART TO _ 8 mark _ _
8 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 xcomp _ _
9 _ _ PRON NN _ 8 dobj _ _
10 _ _ PRON PRP _ 11 nsubj _ _
11 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
12 _ _ PRON PRP _ 14 expl _ _
13 _ _ VERB VBD _ 14 cop _ _
14 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 11 ccomp _ _
15 _ _ PART TO _ 16 mark _ _
16 _ _ VERB VB _ 14 csubj _ _
17 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 16 iobj _ _
18 _ _ DET DT _ 19 det _ _
19 _ _ NOUN NN _ 16 dobj _ _
20 _ _ PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
66 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.
62 instances of iobj (94%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.39393939393939.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (43; 65% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (18; 27% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (5; 8% instances).
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 iobj color:blue
1 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 wished _ VERB PAST _ 0 root _ _
3 him _ PRON PERS-P3SG-ACC _ 2 iobj _ _
4 a _ DET IND-SG _ 6 det _ _
5 good _ ADJ POS _ 6 amod _ _
6 evening _ NOUN SG _ 2 dobj _ _
7 . _ PUNCT Period _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 iobj color:blue
1 Quinn _ PROPN SG _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 reached _ VERB PAST _ 0 root _ _
3 into _ ADP _ _ 5 case _ _
4 his _ PRON P3SG-GEN _ 5 nmod:poss _ _
5 pocket _ NOUN SG _ 2 nmod _ _
6 and _ CONJ _ _ 2 cc _ _
7 gave _ VERB PAST _ 2 conj _ _
8 the _ DET DEF _ 9 det _ _
9 man _ NOUN SG _ 7 iobj _ _
10 a _ DET IND-SG _ 11 det _ _
11 dollar _ NOUN SG _ 7 dobj _ _
12 . _ PUNCT Period _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 iobj color:blue
1 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 3 nsubj _ _
2 hardly _ ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ _
3 know _ VERB INF _ 0 root _ _
4 myself _ PRON RFL-P1SG _ 3 dislocated _ _
5 . _ PUNCT Period _ 3 punct _ _
6 Quinn _ PROPN SG _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 gave _ VERB PAST _ 3 conj _ _
8 Auster _ PROPN SG _ 7 iobj _ _
9 an _ DET IND-SG _ 11 det _ _
10 honest _ ADJ POS _ 11 amod _ _
11 look _ NOUN SG _ 7 dobj _ _
12 . _ PUNCT Period _ 7 punct _ _
iobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]