dobj: direct object
The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon. Most often the direct object is in the accusative case but there are verbs that require their objects be in other cases (except for nominative and vocative).
Accusative example:
Koupil jsem auto . \n Bought I-have car .
dobj(Koupil, auto)
dobj(Bought, car)
Genitive example:
Cením si vaší pomoci . \n I-appreciate REFLEX your help .
dobj(Cením, pomoci)
dobj(I-appreciate, help)
Dative example:
Čelíme velkým problémům . \n We-face big problems .
dobj(Čelíme, problémům)
dobj(We-face, problems)
Instrumental example:
Univerzita nedisponuje takovým rozpočtem . \n University does-not-have-at-disposal such budget .
dobj(nedisponuje, rozpočtem)
dobj(does-not-have-at-disposal, budget)
In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled dobj,
regardless of the morphological case or semantic role that it bears. If there are two or more
objects, one of them should be dobj and the others should be
iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most
directly affected object (patient). The one exception is when there is a clausal complement. Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj.
Diffs
Prague Dependency Treebank
The manual annotation of the PDT does not distinguish direct and indirect objects.
Therefore all non-clausal dependents labeled Obj in PDT are currently labeled dobj
in the converted data, even if it results in two or more direct objects attached to one verb.
In future, the valency lexicon Vallex
could be used to identify the main object.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
79473 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.
54473 instances of dobj (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.71216639613454.
The following 46 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (56743; 71% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (13934; 18% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (3185; 4% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (2389; 3% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (839; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (721; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (551; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (370; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (280; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (111; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NUM (68; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (44; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (33; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (25; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (18; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (16; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NOUN (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/NOUN (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NUM (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Zvedněte zvednout VERB Vi-P---2--A---- Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 dobj _ _
3 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 1 cc _ LId=a-1
4 zavolejte zavolat VERB Vi-P---2--A---- Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 Změny změna NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _
2 jsou být VERB VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
3 citelné citelný ADJ AAFP1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 3 punct _ _
5 je být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
6 třeba třeba ADJ ACNS------A---- Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Variant=Short 3 conj _ LId=třeba-1
7 je on PRON PPXP4--3------- Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 dobj _ LId=on-1|LGloss=(oni/ono)
8 lépe dobře ADV Dg-------2A---- Degree=Cmp|Negative=Pos 9 advmod _ _
9 prezentovat prezentovat VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
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1 Moby Moby PROPN NNMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 Dick Dick PROPN NNMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 name _ _
3 čeřící čeřící ADJ AGMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 1 amod _ LDeriv=čeřit
4 vody voda NOUN NNFP4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 3 dobj _ _
5 hitparád hitparáda NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
24883 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.
18483 instances of dobj (74%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.70353253225093.
The following 36 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (18456; 74% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (3734; 15% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (1418; 6% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (261; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (218; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (159; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (158; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (143; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (90; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (56; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (56; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (34; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PRON (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).
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1 Zvýšené zvýšený ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ LDeriv=zvýšit
2 úsilí úsilí NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 dobj _ _
3 budeme být AUX VB-P---1F-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 věnovat věnovat VERB Vf--------A---- Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
5 zavádění zavádění NOUN NNNS3-----A---- Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 iobj _ LDeriv=zavádět
6 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
7 poznatků poznatek NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
8 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 9 case _ LId=do-1
9 praxe praxe NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Významnou významný ADJ AAFS7----1A---- Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 měrou míra NOUN NNFS7-----A---- Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ LGloss=(měřítko,poměr)
3 k k ADP RR--3---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Dat 4 case _ LId=k-1
4 tomu ten PRON PDZS3---------- Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 dobj _ _
5 přispělo přispět VERB VpNS---XR-AA--- Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
6 plnění plnění NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ LDeriv=plnit
7 direktiv direktiva NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _
8 # &cother; NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 sjezdu sjezd NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 KSČ KSČ PROPN NNFXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Gender=Fem|NameType=Com|Negative=Pos 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=KSČ-1|LGloss=(Komunistická_strana_Československa)
11 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Plavání plavání NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ LDeriv=plavat
2 je být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
3 všestranný všestranný ADJ AAIS1----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
4 sport sport NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 8 punct _ _
6 který který PRON P4YS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int,Rel 8 nsubj _ _
7 je být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 8 cop _ _
8 vhodný vhodný ADJ AAIS1----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 acl _ _
9 pro pro ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 11 case _ LId=pro-1
10 každý každý ADJ AAIS4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 11 amod _ _
11 věk věk NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
1552 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as dobj.
1200 instances of dobj (77%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.4194587628866.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (1115; 72% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (237; 15% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (110; 7% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/NOUN (25; 2% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (19; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (12; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (11; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (9; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/X (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
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1 Stanovená stanovený ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 doba doba NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 nesmí smět VERB VB-S---3P-NA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 přesáhnout přesáhnout VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _
5 účetní účetní ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ LId=účetní-1
6 období období NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 3 punct _ _
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1 Vymezení vymezení NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 nákladů náklad NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
3 souvisejících související ADJ AGIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 2 amod _ _
4 s s ADP RR--7---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins 5 case _ LId=s-1
5 pořízením pořízení NOUN NNNS7-----A---- Case=Ins|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 dobj _ _
6 cenných cenný ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
7 papírů papír NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
8 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 7 cc _ LId=a-1
9 podílů podíl NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 7 conj _ _
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1 Termín termín NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 dobj _ _
2 této tento DET PDFS2---------- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
3 inventarizace inventarizace NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
4 si se PRON P7-X3---------- Case=Dat|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 5 dobj _ _
5 stanoví stanovit VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
6 sama sám PRON PLFS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 8 xcomp _ _
7 účetní účetní ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 amod _ LId=účetní-1
8 jednotka jednotka NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
dobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]