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Case: case

Case is usually an inflectional feature of nouns, helping to specify the role of the noun phrase in the sentence. Swedish makes use of three cases: nominative, accusative, and genitive. The accusative is found only in pronouns (PRON), while the nominative/genitive distinction occurs with nouns (NOUN), proper nouns (PROPN) and adjectives (ADJ).

Nom: nominative

The base form, typically used as a citation form (lemma).

Examples

• [sv] att ta ansvar “to take responsibility”
• [sv] riskerna är stora “the risks are large”

Acc: accusative

In many languages used for direct objects of verbs. In Swedish this form is only used for personal pronouns.

Examples

• [sv] du behöver dem “you need them”
• [sv] ta med dig “take with you”

Gen: genitive

Prototypical meaning of genitive is that the noun phrase somehow belongs to its governor; it would often be translated by the English preposition of. The genitive in Swedish does not however always imply possession, for example Stillhetens hav “Sea of Tranquility”

Examples

• [sv] eftermiddagens övningar “the afternoon’s exercises”
• [sv] patientens ekonomi “the patient’s finances”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: Acc, Gen, Nom.

36618 tokens (38%) have a non-empty value of Case. 12625 types (84%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case. 8622 lemmas (84%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Case. The feature is used with 6 part-of-speech tags: sv-pos/NOUN (22427; 23% instances), sv-pos/ADJ (8466; 9% instances), sv-pos/PRON (2613; 3% instances), sv-pos/NUM (1725; 2% instances), sv-pos/PROPN (1338; 1% instances), sv-pos/VERB (49; 0% instances).

NOUN

22427 sv-pos/NOUN tokens (98% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Case co-occurred: Gender=Com (15646; 70%), Number=Sing (15355; 68%), Definite=Ind (14737; 66%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Gen (984; 4% of non-empty Case): äktenskapets, kvinnans, världens, barnens, familjens, års, dagens, samhällets, jordens, slags
• Nom (21443; 96% of non-empty Case): år, barn, del, äktenskapet, procent, barnen, människor, tid, sätt, samhället
• EMPTY (557): kr, %, dr, s., kap., proc, KPI, milj, mån, sid

Paradigm barn	Nom	Gen
Definite=Def|Number=Sing	barnet	barnets
Definite=Def|Number=Plur	barnen	barnens
Definite=Ind|Number=Sing	barn	barns
Definite=Ind|Number=Plur	barn	barns

Case seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 95% lemmas (5533) occur only with one value of Case.

ADJ

8466 sv-pos/ADJ tokens (100% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Case co-occurred: VerbForm=EMPTY (6902; 82%), Tense=EMPTY (6902; 82%), Degree=Pos (5934; 70%), Gender=EMPTY (5330; 63%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Gen (20; 0% of non-empty Case): anställdas, enskildes, försäkrades, äldres, andres, avlidnes, dubbelarbetandes, efterkommandes, enskilds, frånskildas
• Nom (8446; 100% of non-empty Case): olika, andra, första, nya, många, stora, stor, större, vissa, hela
• EMPTY (32): European, New, S:t, ev, fri-, låg-, American, Boiling, Economic, Free

Paradigm annan	Nom	Gen
_	andra
Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	andre	andres
Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	andra
Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	annan
Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	annat
Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	andra

Case seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 99% lemmas (1824) occur only with one value of Case.

PRON

2613 sv-pos/PRON tokens (44% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Case co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (2613; 100%), Definite=Def (1934; 74%), Gender=Com (1680; 64%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Acc (726; 28% of non-empty Case): sig, dem, oss, dig, varandra, mig, henne, honom, sej, varann
• Nom (1887; 72% of non-empty Case): man, de, vi, du, han, jag, hon, ni, bägge, en
• EMPTY (3362): det, som, den, detta, vad, en, andra, något, många, alla

Paradigm de	Nom	Acc
	de	dem

NUM

1725 sv-pos/NUM tokens (99% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

NUM tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Nom (1725; 100% of non-empty Case): två, tre, 1, 20, 2, en, 1970, 3, 10, 1971
• EMPTY (16): ett-, 1, 17, 1700-, 18, 19, 1950-, 2, 20, 50232

Case seems to be lexical feature of NUM. 100% lemmas (479) occur only with one value of Case.

PROPN

1338 sv-pos/PROPN tokens (98% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Gen (153; 11% of non-empty Case): Sveriges, EEC:s, Guds, Stockholms, FN:s, Kristi, KF:s, Parsons, Europas, Jesu
• Nom (1185; 89% of non-empty Case): Sverige, EEC, Stockholm, USA, ATP, Gud, Göteborg, Horn, Danmark, Indien
• EMPTY (24): A, AF, B, Belgien, CH, D, DK, Danmark, F, FL

Paradigm Sverige	Nom	Gen
	Sverige	Sveriges

Case seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 92% lemmas (477) occur only with one value of Case.

VERB

49 sv-pos/VERB tokens (0% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Case.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Case co-occurred: Tense=Past (49; 100%), Voice=EMPTY (49; 100%), VerbForm=Part (49; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (49; 100%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Case:

• Nom (49; 100% of non-empty Case): påverkade, vald, vänd, hörselskadad, tvungna, accepterad, anpassade, bedövade, diciplinerade, emanciperade
• EMPTY (9920): har, finns, är, blir, få, får, ha, gäller, ger, går

Case seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (40) occur only with one value of Case.

Relations with Agreement in Case

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Case: NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (4372; 98%), NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (3003; 95%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (1792; 92%), NOUN –[det]–> ADJ (1271; 97%), NOUN –[nummod]–> NUM (937; 80%), ADJ –[nmod]–> NOUN (501; 98%), ADJ –[nsubj]–> NOUN (485; 100%), ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (379; 100%), NOUN –[nsubj]–> NOUN (276; 94%), NOUN –[appos]–> NOUN (259; 90%).

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Case in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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