neg
: negation modifier
In Finnish, negation is marked using the verb ei, which is used as an auxiliary and assigned the dependency relation neg
. The most commonly negated elements are verbs and verb phrases, but occasional exceptions in verbless constructions are allowed.
If a conjunction or adverb has been merged together with ei, as in for instance ettei (että+ei “that+not”) or miksei (miksi+ei “why+not”), then the word is marked as a conjunction or an adverb rather than a negation verb. However, eikä “and+not”, when it appears alone and not coordinating another clause or phrase, is still marked as neg
.
Hän ei sanonut mitään . \n He didn't say anything .
nsubj(sanonut-3, Hän-1)
neg(sanonut-3, ei-2)
dobj(sanonut-3, mitään-4)
punct(sanonut-3, .-5)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
1755 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg
.
1749 instances of neg
(100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.96923076923077.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg
: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (1478; 84% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (120; 7% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (111; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (32; 2% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 4 neg color:blue
1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
2 sisäinen sisäinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
3 lapseni lapsi NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 6 nsubj 7:nsubj _
4 ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
5 vaan vaan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
6 suostu suostua VERB V Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 katoamaan kadota VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 neg color:blue
1 Eivätkö ei VERB V Clitic=Ko|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
2 olekin olla VERB V Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 kivat kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 neg color:blue
1 - - PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
2 Ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 kun kun ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
4 ihan ihan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 aikuisten aikuinen NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Plur 6 nmod:poss _ _
6 töissä työ NOUN N Case=Ine|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
2898 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as neg
.
2887 instances of neg
(100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.02518978605935.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg
: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (2519; 87% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (181; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (158; 5% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (25; 1% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 neg color:blue
1 Dora dora PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
2 puolestaan puolestaan ADV Pcle _ 4 advmod _ _
3 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 4 neg _ _
4 huolestunut huolestua VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 . . PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 2 neg color:blue
1 Koiran koira NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
2 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 8 neg _ _
3 pitäisi pitää VERB V,Act,Cond,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Cnd|Voice=Act 8 aux _ _
4 olla olla VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 8 cop _ _
5 minkään mikään DET Pron,Qnt,Gen Case=Gen 6 det _ _
6 muun muu DET Pron,Qnt,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 7 det _ _
7 asian asia NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
8 korvike korvike NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
9 . . PUNCT Pun _ 8 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 neg color:blue
1 Sinä sinä PRON Pron,Pers,Sg2,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
2 et ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg2 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 ole olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
4 yhtään yhtään ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 hänen hän DET Pron,Pers,Sg3,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 det _ _
6 näköisensä näköinen ADJ A,Sg,Nom,Px3 Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 0 root _ _
7 ! ! PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
neg in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]