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UD Tigrinya TiTB

Language: Tigrinya (code: ti)
Family: Afro-Asiatic

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.19 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Nazareth Amlesom Kifle, Michael Gasser.

Repository: UD_Tigrinya-TiTB
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.19

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Genre: grammar-examples

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Tigrinya-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [nazareth • a • kifle (æt) hiof • no, onlyskybl (æt) gmail • com]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.

Annotation Source
Lemmas assigned by a program, with some manual corrections, but not a full manual verification
UPOS assigned by a program, with some manual corrections, but not a full manual verification
XPOS not available
Features assigned by a program, with some manual corrections, but not a full manual verification
Relations annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

TiTB is a manually annotated Universal Dependencies treebank of Tigrinya, an Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. The sentences were constructed to cover the main morphosyntactic structures of Tigrinya and to illustrate the constructions described in the UD guidelines.

The Tigrinya Treebank (TiTB) is the first Universal Dependencies treebank of Tigrinya. It contains 221 sentences (1,287 tokens, 1,598 syntactic words) written in the Ge’ez script (called Ethiopic in Unicode).

The treebank consists of reference sentences constructed by the annotators. They were designed for two purposes: to cover the main morphosyntactic structures of Tigrinya, and to capture the syntactic constructions described in the UD guidelines, so that the treebank shows how each of these constructions is annotated in Tigrinya. The sentences therefore serve both as data and as a practical reference for the Tigrinya annotation guidelines.

Most sentences were first segmented and tagged automatically with a morphological analyser (HornMorpho), and then corrected and annotated manually in Arborator-Grew; the remaining sentences were annotated manually. The annotation covers word segmentation, lemmas, universal part-of-speech tags, morphological features and basic dependency relations.

Tokenization and word segmentation: Tigrinya orthographic words often contain several syntactic words. Prepositions written as prefixes, possessive suffixes, subordinating prefixes, negation affixes, the coordinating suffix -ን and enclitics are split off and represented as multiword tokens in the CoNLL-U files. Subject and object agreement and other verb morphology are not segmented.

Each surface token has a transliteration in the MISC column (Translit).

Detailed annotation guidelines are available in the Tigrinya UD documentation: https://universaldependencies.org/ti/index.html

Acknowledgments

The work of Nazareth Amlesom Kifle on this treebank was carried out as part of her research time funded by Østfold University College (Høgskolen i Østfold), Norway.

References

Statistics of UD Tigrinya TiTB

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB

Features

Abbr – Aspect – Case – Definite – ExtPos – Gender – Gender[app] – Gender[obj] – Mood – Number – Number[app] – Number[obj] – NumType – Person – Person[app] – Person[obj] – Polarity – Poss – PronType – Reflex – Tense – VerbForm – Voice

Relations

acl – advcl – advmod – advmod:aff – amod – appos – aux – case – case:pre – cc – ccomp – compound – compound:lvc – compound:redup – conj – cop – csubj – csubj:cleft – csubj:outer – csubj:pass – det – det:poss – discourse – dislocated – fixed – flat – iobj – mark – nmod – nsubj – nsubj:outer – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obj:exp – obj:poss – obl – orphan – parataxis – punct – root – vocative – xcomp – xcomp:pred

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Morphology

Tags

Nominal Features

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

Other Features

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

Verbs with Reflexive Core Objects

Relations Overview