UD Ruuli RDT
Language: Ruuli (code: ruc)
Family: Niger-Congo
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.18 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Kira Tulchynska, Anna Veselovsky, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich.
Repository: UD_Ruuli-RDT
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.18
License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Genre: fiction, grammar-examples, nonfiction, spoken
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Ruuli-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [kira • tulchynska (æt) mail • huji • ac • il]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.
| Annotation | Source |
|---|---|
| Lemmas | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
| UPOS | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
| XPOS | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
| Features | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD |
| Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
UD_Ruuli-RDT is a Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank for the Ruruuli-Lunyala (Ruuli) language. The annotation was converted from interlinear glossed text and manually annotated for syntactic relations. The treebank includes texts from various sources: conversations, oral folktales, biographic monologue, movie subtitles, grammar examples, and factual prose. The treebank contains approximately 6,000 tokens.
The UD_Ruuli-RDT treebank consists of texts recorded in Ruuli or translated into it by native speakers, and subsequently glossed and annotated. The included texts are:
- spokenBio_Nakasongola1 (795 words): Biographic monologue on childhood years, schooling, work, and other life experiences
- spokenConv_Nakasongola1b (1223 words): Conversation between two speakers, a male and a female, about taking care of their elderly parents
- spokenConv_Nakasongola2 (1544 words): Conversation between two females about socio-economic issues
- spokenTale_Gweero (595 words): A traditional oral folktale about the cow who got in trouble with the lion and the hare who helped the cow
- spokenTale_Sokoso (373 words): A traditional oral folktale about a woman who mistreated her mother-in-law
- film_Inception (469 words): An excerpt from the translated subtitles for the film Inception (2010)
- grammar_Syntax (936 words): Language examples from A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala (Namyalo et al. 2021)
- nonfiction_Aniinire (366 words): An excerpt from factual prose on the history and traditions of the language speakers
All sentences were converted from interlinear glossed text into CoNLL-U format using a custom conversion script. The syntactic relations were subsequently manually annotated following the UD framework.
Sentences from written texts and conversations were shuffled to anonymize the data.
Acknowledgments
-
This work was supported by the project “Event Packaging in Language” (University of Zurich Global Strategy and Partnerships Funding Scheme, 2023–2026).
-
Preparation of this dataset greatly benefited from the results of the project “A comprehensive bilingual talking Ruruuli/Lunyala-English dictionary” (funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, 2017–2020; PI Saudah Namyalo).
-
We acknowledge the contribution of Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Amos Atuhairwe, Zarina Molochieva, Ruth Gimbo Mukama, and Margaret Zellers.
-
Kira Tulchynska gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School MA Honors Program at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
References
- Molochieva, Zarina, Saudah Namyalo & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich. 2021. Phasal Polarity in Ruuli (Bantu, JE.103). In The Expression of Phasal Polarity in African Languages. Raija Kramer (ed.). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. 73–92. (doi.org/doi:10.1515/9783110646290-005)
- Namyalo, Saudah & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Kiriggwajjo, Anatole & Atuhairwe, Amos & Molochieva, Zarina & Mukama, Ruth Gimbo & Zellers, Margaret. 2021. A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala. Language Science Press. Language Science Press. (doi:10.5281/zenodo.5548947) (https://langsci-press.org/catalog/view/326/3386/2402-1) (Accessed December 12, 2024.)
- Ruppert, Eloisa & Namyalo, Saudah & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena. Forthcoming. Negation in Ruuli (JE.103). In Miestamo, Ljuba, Matti Veselinova (ed.), Negation in the world’s languages I: Africa. Berlin: Language Science Press.
- Sørensen, Marie-Louise Lind & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena. 2020. Clausal complementation in Ruuli (Bantu, JE103). Studies in African Linguistics 49(1). 85–110. (doi.org/10.32473/sal.v49i1.122264)
Statistics of UD Ruuli RDT
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X
Features
Abbr – Aspect – Aspect[add] – Deixis – ExtPos – Foreign – Hort – InfStruct – Mood – NounClass – NounClass[iobj] – NounClass[obj] – NounClass[psed] – NounClass[psor] – Number – Number[iobj] – Number[obj] – NumForm – NumType – Person – Person[iobj] – Person[obj] – Person[psed] – Person[psor] – Polarity – Poss – PronType – Red – Referent – Tense – VerbForm – Voice – Voice[add]
Relations
acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advcl:relcl – advmod – advmod:cop – advmod:emph – advmod:loc – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – conj – cop – csubj – csubj:outer – det – discourse – dislocated – fixed – flat – flat:foreign – flat:name – flat:num – iobj – iobj:appl – mark – nmod – nmod:desc – nmod:poss – nsubj – nsubj:outer – nummod – obj – obj:appl – obj:caus – obl – obl:agent – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 1234 sentences, 5860 tokens and 6301 syntactic words.
- This corpus contains 1258 tokens (21%) that are not followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 13 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: n', n’, ky', ng', gy', g', gw', N'akoba, bw', k', ng’, nk', w'
- This corpus contains 425 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.04 syntactic words.
- There are 349 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: yeena, njeena, ndoowo, njena, waliwo, weena, wete, mulimu, n'abaana, n'aliga, ndooyo, njete, nkukobereku, yoona, Atete, Lindaku, babbawo, boona, byona, erate, erowo, gakyalimu, iswena, kuliku, ky'ankoore, mulumu, n'abba, n'ekinga, n'omaama, nayete, nazwayo, ngate, n’onte, oireyo, olwaliwo, tulinawo, twireyo, yena, Atite, Awote, Bagalumaambe, Bandeteireku, Bulimu, Enkulaakulanate, Enzalete, Kirumu, Kyona, Lwakite, Lwonambe, N'amaani.
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 16 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: SYM
- This corpus contains 29 word types tagged as particles (PART): aba, ba, bwa, bya, ebya, ekya, eya, eza, ga, gwa, gy', ka, kwa, kya, lwa, lya, mbe, n', na, n’, obwa, ogwa, okwa, olwa, owa, te, wa, ya, za
- This corpus contains 34 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): abwe, aiswe, ako, amu, amwe, amwei, ange, anywe, awo, ba, bo, buli, bwo, byo, di, e, go, gwo, iswe, ki, kiki, ko, lyo, naani, ndi, ni, nje, nywe, o, ona, we, ye, yo, zo
- This corpus contains 10 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): buli, di, ingai, ki, mekai, mwe, ndi, ni, o, ona
- Out of the above, 7 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: buli, di, ki, ndi, ni, o, ona
- This corpus contains 6 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): aba, bba, iza, li, ni, ta
- Out of the above, 5 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: aba, bba, iza, li, ta
- There are 3 (de)verbal forms:
- Fin
- AUX: byaba, tukwiza, twaliire
- VERB: nakoba, nkwendya, tulina, leka, namukoba, ayabire, okubona, alina, nayaba, nkukobere
- Inf
- VERB: kola, kukola, okwaba, kucakala, kulya, kumanya, kusyoma, okubba, okulya, okusoma
- Vnoun
- NOUN: kubandula, kubyalibwa, kukobeire, kukuuma, kwelanga
Nominal Features
- Plur
- ADV: tutyai, Tutyo, mutyai
- AUX: tukwaba, tuli, tukwiza, Niiswe, timulu, tiniye, twali, twaliire
- AUX-Fin: tukwiza, twaliire
- PRON: iswe, waiswe, nywe, banywe, ewaiswe, wena, baiswe, bwaiswe, byaiswe, kyaiswe
- VERB: tulina, mubireke, nituloleera, ntwaba, tetukuura, Ekutuleka, Mwesambe, mubbaire, nitwika, tetukwendya
- VERB-Fin: tulina, mubireke, nituloleera, ntwaba, tetukuura, Ekutuleka, Mwesambe, mubbaire, nitwika, tetukwendya
- VERB-Inf: kutwegesya, okutuharaarya, okutuimbya, okutusoboora
- Sing
- ADV: otyai, ntyo, oti, nti
- AUX: ndi, mba, mbaire, Nkwaba, nali, nkwiza, oli, Obbaire, Okwiza, al
- NOUN: oibaamu, iteewo, maawo, omaawo
- PRON: nje, wange, we, njee, bange, wee, owange, abaamu, byamu, gange
- VERB-Fin: nkwendya, leka, okubona, nkukobere, okumanya, omaite, kola, ninyaba, Iza, Mulabule
- VERB-Inf: kukusaba, kukuweerya, kukwesiga, kunfunira, kunkweka, kunyiba, okukutegeeza, okumbyala, okuneigulira, okunswera
Degree and Polarity
- Neg
- ADV: ndoo, ti, ndo
- AUX: tiyali, Takwiza, Tibwaali, Tikyali, ataali, egitaali, taalo, tali, tata, tekikwaba
- INTJ: bbe, Ahah, Bbee
- VERB-Fin: Tinlyaira, tenduga, tetukuura, talina, tetukwendya, tiwagule, Bataigala, Mutakubba, Mutayaba, Natakisanga
- VERB-Inf: obutaleeta
Verbal Features
- Hab
- AUX: ababbanga
- VERB-Fin: byabbanga, nanyegesyanga, nayendyanga, yakolanga, Kyawoomanga, Tibazizwalanga, Timwakalanga, Timwalyanga, Toyabanga, Tuwuliiryeenge
- VERB-Inf: okwabanga, ikalanga
- Perf
- AUX: mbaire, babbaire, Obbaire, obubbaire, twaliire
- AUX-Fin: twaliire
- VERB: ayabire, omaite, abbaire, ankoore, batandikire, oboine, Nalekere, Yayabire, abasirye, akoore
- VERB-Fin: ayabire, omaite, abbaire, ankoore, batandikire, oboine, Nalekere, Yayabire, abasirye, akoore
- Pers
- AUX: gakyali, akyali, bakyali, bukyali, gukyaali, okyali, tiekyali
- VERB-Fin: bakyalina, bakyekoora, nkyabendya, okyabaza, okyaloleera, takyatoonya, tebakyabba, tebikyalina, tokyabirya
- Prog
- AUX: tukwaba, Nkwaba, nkwiza, tukwiza, Akwiza, Okwiza, Takwiza, akubba, tekikwaba
- AUX-Fin: tukwiza
- VERB: nkwendya, okubona, okumanya, Kikuboneka, Okukola, akwaba, akwema, nkusobola, nkwaba, okwizukira
- VERB-Fin: nkwendya, okubona, okumanya, Kikuboneka, Okukola, akwaba, akwema, nkusobola, nkwaba, okwizukira
- Imp
- VERB-Fin: leka, kola, Iza, Linda, Yaba, siika, Bona, Cwa, Ira, Kubba
- Ind
- AUX-Fin: byaba, tukwiza, twaliire
- VERB-Fin: nakoba, nkwendya, tulina, namukoba, ayabire, okubona, alina, nayaba, okumanya, omaite
- Sub
- VERB: nkukobere, Mulabule, nkubuulye, Mwesambe, Weebale, mubireke, muwerye, nkole, tiwagule, tunenye
- VERB-Fin: nkukobere, Mulabule, nkubuulye, Mwesambe, Weebale, mubireke, muwerye, nkole, tiwagule, tunenye
- Fut
- AUX: kalibba
- VERB-Fin: balikalya, Naiza, balikukubba, tiwagule, walugula, wasiga, Kyawoomanga, Nagasobola, Tinawure, Twakukoba
- Nar
- AUX: Niwabbaa, nibataa
- VERB-Fin: nakoba, namukoba, nayaba, ninyaba, naira, nintandika, nituloleera, ntwaba, naika, naikiriza
- Past
- AUX: yaali, yali, nali, olwali, tiyali, Bwali, Tibwaali, Tikyali, abaali, baali
- AUX-Fin: byaba, twaliire
- VERB-Fin: ayabire, Nalekere, Yayabire, byabbanga, ebyayakaire, nasomeire, natandikire, waliire, yakolanga, yamaare
- Pres
- AUX: nigyo, ali, niye, ndi, wali, ata, ekiri, mba, mbaire, nikwo
- AUX-Fin: tukwiza
- VERB: nkwendya, tulina, okubona, alina, kiba, okumanya, omaite, abba, akoba, ayabire
- VERB-Fin: nkwendya, tulina, okubona, alina, okumanya, omaite, akoba, ayabire, Kikuboneka, Okukola
- Appl
- NOUN-Vnoun: kukobeire
- VERB: nkukobere, Tinlyaira, kwebonera, nasomeire, okungira, yamukubbiire, Asumbiire, Bandeteire, Namumbyaara, Niera
- VERB-Fin: nkukobere, Tinlyaira, nasomeire, okungira, yamukubbiire, Asumbiire, Bandeteire, Namumbyaara, Niera, Nilutuleetera
- VERB-Inf: kwebonera, kubatwalira, kumumyenera, kumusakira, kunfunira, kweirukira, okubuuliirya, okugusyatukira, okukikobera, okukoora
- Cau
- VERB-Fin: Obinisya, Amwirukirye, Nkumanyisye, Omubinisya, Onenesya, Tumugaitisya, akugezya, akutuzenyesya, akwekolesya, bagwombokesyanga
- VERB-Inf: kumubinishya, okutubandwisya, okwemeerya
- Pass
- NOUN-Vnoun: kubyalibwa
- VERB-Fin: Nitugaitibwa, Twanenibwe, abasalibwe, balemeerwe, kiwandiikiibwe, kyetaagibwa, nawalizibwe
- VERB-Inf: okugezesebwa
- Rcp
- VERB-Fin: bakubbangana, banwegerangana
- Rfl
- NOUN-Vnoun: kwelanga
- VERB-Fin: Niweyalika, Tweirye, Weesweke, Wekuutye, kyetwogetwogere, newekoomba, ninetegeka, niyeekweka, okwefaaku, wekweke
- VERB-Inf: kwefaaku
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- Dem
- ADV: awo, ani, eyo, eni, mpadi, ngeyo, Omwo, edi, kuni, muni
- DET: ebyo, oyo, bini, ekyo, kini, zini, abo, ako, ganu, luni
- PRON: ekyo, ebyo, abo, badi, kanu, kini, oyo, Odi, ako, aludi
- Ind
- DET: abandi, abamwe, erimwei, erindi, ezindi, kindi
- PRON: abandi, ebindi, bandi, bindi, bundi, ekindi, ezindi, gundi, wondi
- Int
- ADV: lwaki, di, tutyai, ayi, batyai, otyai, atyai, bityai, etyai, mutyai
- DET: ki, Bamekai, imekai, zingai
- PRON: ki, kiki, naani, banaani, biki, bikiki, muki, onaani
- Prs
- PRON: nje, wange, yee, we, iswe, ye, njee, waiswe, wamwei, bange
- Rel
- PRON: kye, gye, ky', bye, gwe, gy', je, we, g', gw'
- Tot
- DET: buli, byonabyona, kyona
- PRON: buli, wena, Byonabyona, Lwona, boona, gwona, kyoona
- Card
- NUM: ibiri, mukaaga, ikumi, musanju, abiri, emwe, inai, kanai, kataanu, kimwei
- Yes
- NOUN: oibaamu, iteewo, maawo, oibaamwei, omaawo, omamwei
- PRON: wange, waiswe, wamwei, bange, owange, abaamu, baabwe, byamu, gange, gwange
- 1
- ADV: tutyai, ntyo, Tutyo, nti
- AUX: ndi, mba, mbaire, tukwaba, tuli, Nkwaba, nali, nkwiza, tukwiza, Niiswe
- AUX-Fin: tukwiza, twaliire
- PRON: nje, iswe, njee, ngye
- VERB: nkwendya, tulina, nkukobere, ninyaba, Tinlyaira, nintandika, nituloleera, nkaita, nkubuulye, nkusobola
- VERB-Fin: nkwendya, tulina, nkukobere, ninyaba, Tinlyaira, nintandika, nituloleera, nkaita, nkubuulye, nkusobola
- VERB-Inf: kunfunira, kunkweka, kunyiba, kutwegesya, okumbyala, okuneigulira, okunswera, okutubandwisya, okutuharaarya, okutuimbya
- 2
- ADV: otyai, oti, mutyai
- AUX: oli, Obbaire, Okwiza, okyali, timulu, toli
- NOUN: oibaamu, iteewo, maawo, omaawo
- PRON: we, wee, nywe, owe, wena, nywenanywe
- VERB: leka, okubona, okumanya, omaite, kola, Iza, Mulabule, Okukola, mubireke, oboine
- VERB-Fin: leka, okubona, okumanya, omaite, kola, Iza, Mulabule, Okukola, mubireke, oboine
- VERB-Inf: kukusaba, kukuweerya, kukwesiga, okukutegeeza
- 3
- ADV: batyai, yonkai, atyai, bityai, etyai, gwonkai
- AUX: nigyo, ali, niye, yaali, wali, yali, ata, ekiri, nikwo, nikyo
- AUX-Fin: byaba
- NOUN: oibaamwei, omamwei
- PRON: yee, ekyo, ye, ebyo, abo, yoo, ako, badi, bo, boo
- VERB: nakoba, namukoba, ayabire, alina, kiba, nayaba, abba, akoba, Kikuboneka, abbaire
- VERB-Fin: nakoba, namukoba, ayabire, alina, nayaba, akoba, Kikuboneka, abbaire, akaita, akwaba
- VERB-Inf: kukimalirya, Okubirya, Okumwita, jipakasa, kubatwalira, kugiwuura, kukibaza, kukifuna, kukigerageranya, kukikola
Other Features
- Abbr
- Yes
- PROPN: oDISO, NADFA, ODISO, oNADFA
- Yes
- Aspect[add]
- Hab
- VERB-Fin: abakukobanga, akukobanga, akwizanga, bakuzwalanga, bakwabanga, bakwesiganga, nkulugiraanga, tukujoowanga
- Hab
- Deixis
- Med
- ADV: awo, eyo, Omwo, okwo
- DET: ebyo, oyo, ekyo, abo, ako, ago, ezo, obwo, olwo, ejo
- PRON: ekyo, ebyo, abo, oyo, ako
- Prox
- ADV: ani, eni, kuni, muni
- DET: bini, kini, zini, ganu, luni, onu, Kani, bani, buni, byani
- PRON: kanu, kini, anu, bunu, eni, gani, ganu, gini, kani, nani
- Remt
- ADV: edi
- DET: odi, edi, bidi, budi, kadi
- PRON: badi, Odi, aludi, bidi, edi, gadi
- Med
- ExtPos
- CCONJ
- CCONJ: ate
- CCONJ
- Foreign
- Yes
- X: I, mean
- Yes
- Hort
- Yes
- PART: ka
- Yes
- InfStruct
- Foc
- AUX: nigyo, niye, nikwo, nikyo, nilwo, niwo, tiniye, Niiswe, ngo, nibwo
- PART: na, mbe, n', n’
- Top
- PART: te
- Foc
- NounClass
- Bantu1
- ADJ: mukooto, musai, mwandi, mukaire, mukulu, Muzibu, mubi, mugarambi, musiriki, musumbe
- ADV: mpiti, atyai
- AUX: ali, niye, yaali, yali, ata, abba, tiyali, Akwiza, Takwiza, akubba
- DET: oyo, odi, onu, oni
- NOUN: omukali, omwana, musaiza, ontale, omusaiza, mukaire, omaama, maama, muntu, mwojo
- NUM: omwei
- PART: wa, owa
- PRON: wange, yee, ye, gwe, owange, waiswe, gw', oyo, waamu, Odi
- PROPN: Kampala, Nakasongola, Namwera, Cobb, Mal, Museveni, Saito, Uganda, tereka, Amin
- VERB: nakoba, namukoba, ayabire, alina, nayaba, abba, akoba, Mulabule, abbaire, akaita
- VERB-Fin: nakoba, namukoba, ayabire, alina, nayaba, akoba, Mulabule, abbaire, akaita, akwaba
- VERB-Inf: Okumwita, kumubinishya, kumumyenera, kumusakira, kunyita, okumujuna, okumukinga, okumusendasenda, okumwendya
- Bantu10
- ADJ: zigume, zinyamwingi, Zigumegume, eziiraguzu, ezikakobe, ezimpi
- AUX: ziri
- DET: zini, ezo, ezindi, zingai
- NOUN: nkaito, nkoko, enaku, entalo, eengoye, encwi, enkaito, ensonga, ente, esaawa
- PART: eza, za
- PRON: zaamu, ezindi, zamu, ze, zo
- VERB-Fin: Muzikubbe, Otazikubba, Zikubbe, niziwaa, zibba, zirya, zitambuura
- Bantu11
- ADJ: lwenyini, lutuufu, Olulai
- AUX: nilwo, olwali, luli, luta
- DET: luni, olwo
- NOUN: lukalu, olutalo, lutalo, lubuga, lugambo, luwumula, lwaigolo, lwali, olugendo, olugoye
- PART: lwa, olwa
- PRON: Lwona, aludi
- PROPN: Rwenzori, oRuruuli, oLuduuli
- VERB-Fin: walugula, Nilutuleetera, lukendeire, lukikirye, lukuboneka, lukunyenda, lwaweire, mukurwizukira
- Bantu12
- ADJ: kakaire
- AUX: kalibba, niko
- DET: ako, Kani, kadi
- NOUN: kaita, akamere, akaita, akantu, akasana, akaseente, akayumba, kagera, katale, katambaala
- PART: ka
- PRON: ako, kanu, k', kani
- VERB-Fin: nkaita, kazwire, nikaimuka, Kateeka, Nakabwoine, akaliganga, kaabyayire, kaayakaliriirye, kabina, kakwaka
- VERB-Inf: okukalya
- Bantu13
- NOUN: tulo, otwani
- Bantu14
- ADJ: bwingi, bukeeyi, bumpimpi, budoolidooli, bukeeyikeeyi, obuto, obweru, obwingi
- ADV: buti
- AUX: Bwali, Tibwaali, bukyali, buli, nibwo, obubbaire
- DET: obwo, budi, buni
- NOUN: buzibu, bwomi, obunage, obuto, obwiire, bufumbo, bugega, bugenyi, bujuurwa, bukama
- NUM: busatu
- PART: bwa, obwa
- PRON: bwange, bundi, bunu, bw', bwaiswe, bwamu, bwe, bwo, bwoo
- PROPN: Buduuli, Buganda, Bunyala, Bunankore, Bungereza, oBunyala
- VERB-Fin: bukuure, bufuukire, bukanga, bukunaanka, bwabbanga, bwayakaliriirye, mbwatirye, nebutoonya, obukulugaluga, okubona
- Bantu15
- AUX: nikwo, okwali
- NOUN: kusoroora, kwebukira, okurunguwa, okuwandiika, akukulia, kubandula, kubyalibwa, kukobeire, kukuuma, kwelanga
- NOUN-Vnoun: kubandula, kubyalibwa, kukobeire, kukuuma, kwelanga
- PART: kwa, okwa
- PRON: kwange
- VERB-Fin: kuleetere, kulibatoola, nekwongera
- Bantu16
- ADP: owa
- ADV: wo, awo, ani
- AUX: wali, niwo, Niwabbaa, tiwaali, waalo, wabba
- PART: wa, owa
- PRON: we, ewaiswe, wa, waiswe, w', waanywei
- VERB-Fin: niwabba, wagwire
- Bantu17
- ADP: oku, ku
- ADV: ku, kuni, okwo
- AUX: kuli
- DET: luni
- VERB-Fin: okwemereire
- Bantu18
- ADP: mu, omu
- ADV: mu, Omwo, muni
- AUX: muli, mulu, nimwo
- Bantu2
- ADJ: baingi, basai, batuufu, bonkai, abakulu, ogukwiza
- ADV: batyai, beereere, bereere, abairai
- AUX: bali, babbaire, Babba, abaali, ababbanga, abali, baali, bakyali, balaa, gukyaali
- DET: abandi, abo, Bamekai, abamwe, bani
- NOUN: abantu, abaana, bantu, baana, bairange, abakaire, basaiza, abakali, BAWANDIIKI, Bairaiswe
- PART: ba, aba
- PRON: bange, abaamu, abo, abandi, badi, banaani, banywe, bo, boo, aba
- PROPN: Baduuli, Banankore, aBakagiri, aBaganda, aBakurubyo, aBalanda, aBanyala, aBapapali
- VERB-Fin: babba, bakoba, balikalya, batandikire, bendya, Bagagula, bakwendya, balikukubba, nibampeerya, Baabire
- VERB-Inf: kubatwalira, okubakubiriza
- Bantu23
- ADP: e
- ADV: yo, eyo, eni, edi
- AUX: nigyo, nijo
- PRON: gye, yoo, eni, gy', je
- Bantu3
- ADJ: gukooto, gulamba, gusai, gwangu, ogubbisi
- ADV: guti, gwonkai
- AUX: guli, guta, gwali, ogubba, oguli, tiguli, tiguta, tinibwo
- DET: guni, ogwo
- NOUN: mukago, mwaka, muceere, mutwe, Omusaale, mwoyo, mugaso, omusaayi, omwaka, omukubi
- NUM: ogumwei
- PART: gwa, ogwa
- PRON: gwange, goo, gundi, gwamu, gwona, ogwo
- PROPN: oMwandaala
- VERB-Fin: gubba, gukunduma, oguweire, bagwombokesyanga, gubaire, gubyala, gujunda, gukuboneka, gukuwooma, guwangaala
- VERB-Inf: okugusyatukira
- Bantu4
- ADJ: girambiira, zingi
- AUX: egitaali
- DET: gini, imekai
- NOUN: emyaka, misinde, emitumbi, miringo, buwangwa, emirimu, emisaale, miigo, misiri, Emyka
- NUM: gimwei
- PART: ya, eya
- PRON: je
- VERB-Fin: genkainenkaine, egikiire, egikwaba, gyakalawo, twazimaare
- Bantu5
- ADJ: erikooto
- AUX: liri
- DET: erimwei, erindi
- NOUN: isomero, isana, itakali, eitakali, eiwuli, idembe, irwaliro, isara, iyanga, somero
- PART: lya
- PRON: elyo, lyamu
- VERB-Fin: elikusoka, ligwire, nalyemeerya, nilibbambatala
- Bantu6
- ADJ: gasongoli, geereere
- AUX: gakyali, gali, ngo, nigo
- DET: ganu, ago, gani
- NOUN: maiso, maani, amaani, maizi, masomero, amaizi, maka, Macande, amabeere, amagezi
- NUM: gamwei
- PART: ga
- PRON: gange, g', gadi, gani, ganu
- VERB-Fin: gayoncerye, Nagasobola, agafuukure, gaabire, gaakoore, gabba, gaikire, gamuwa, gamuwaire, gawondera
- Bantu7
- ADJ: kisai, kituufu, ekikulu, kibi, kyangu, Ekisumbe, ekindi, kitabuletabule
- AUX: ekiri, nikyo, ekitaa, Tikyali, kiri, kiru, tekikwaba
- DET: ekyo, kini, kyona, kindi
- NOUN: kibira, kibiina, ekintu, kintu, kyalo, Ekirowoozo, Ekitabo, Kiwuka, ekiibbo, ekisenge
- NUM: kimwei
- PART: ekya, kya
- PRON: ekyo, kye, ky', kiki, kini, kyange, ekindi, kyaiswe, kyamu, kyo
- VERB: kiba, Kikuboneka, ekikutegeeza, kibba, kukimalirya, Kyawoomanga, Tokitaka, Tukimaite, Twakiremu, ekikoore
- VERB-Fin: Kikuboneka, ekikutegeeza, kibba, Kyawoomanga, Tokitaka, Tukimaite, Twakiremu, ekikoore, ekikusinga, ekikuzwaku
- VERB-Inf: kukimalirya, kukibaza, kukifuna, kukigerageranya, kukikola, kukinyonyoka, okukikobera
- Bantu8
- ADJ: bingi, bibbi, bibbisi, bikooto, binyamulai
- ADV: biti, bityai
- AUX: Buli, biri, biru, byaba, ebyalo, nibyo
- AUX-Fin: byaba
- DET: ebyo, bini, byonabyona, bidi, byani
- NOUN: ebintu, biro, ebyafaayo, ebiyaata, ebitimba, ebiduuma, Bigambo, bibira, bideero, bifuka
- NUM: bibiri, bisatu
- PART: bya, ebya
- PRON: ebyo, bye, byamu, byo, ebindi, Byonabyona, bidi, biki, bikiki, bindi
- VERB-Fin: mubireke, byabbanga, ebyayakaire, nibyera, obikola, EBIKWEKEERA, Nibibbiiya, Twabyetanga, bibbaa, bibule
- VERB-Inf: Okubirya
- Bantu9
- ADJ: ginaki, egisai, eyasookere
- ADV: mangumangu, yonkai, eni, etyai
- AUX: eri, ero, nigyo, niyo, teri
- DET: edi, ejo, eni, eyo
- NOUN: nzala, nnyanja, eka, ngeri, ennyanja, enzala, pampa, emere, engeri, njawulo
- NUM: emwe
- PART: ya, eya, gy'
- PRON: gye, gy', yamu, je, Ze, edi, gini, nani, yange, yanywei
- PROPN: Nakasongola, Jinja, Kidera, Nalufeenya, Paasika, Rwampanga, Spain, Uganda, Waligga, pala
- VERB: Ekutuleka, eba, ebba, ebbee, ekuluga, ekwaba, enduma, eyabe, ginasomeranga, jipakasa
- VERB-Fin: Ekutuleka, ebba, ebbee, ekuluga, ekwaba, enduma, eyabe, ginasomeranga, kituyambire, nagingiire
- VERB-Inf: jipakasa, kugiwuura
- Bantu1
- NounClass[iobj]
- Bantu2
- VERB-Fin: kulibatoola
- Bantu2
- NounClass[obj]
- Bantu1
- VERB: namukoba, amufaaku, yamukubbiire, Amugobere, Amusamire, Amwirukirye, Baamubbwere, Namumbyaara, Yamukubbire, amubwirye
- VERB-Fin: namukoba, amufaaku, yamukubbiire, Amugobere, Amusamire, Amwirukirye, Baamubbwere, Namumbyaara, Yamukubbire, amubwirye
- Bantu10
- VERB-Fin: Nibazikola, Nibazirya, Tibazizwalanga, bazigula, gazonka, nibaziteeka
- Bantu12
- VERB-Fin: akaita, balikalya, akaakalya, akakoba, akukalya, baakalya, bakatuweire, balikakolesya, nakasyoma, natakakomba
- Bantu14
- VERB-Fin: abuliire, babugulaa, bakubumala
- Bantu2
- VERB-Fin: Babakubbire, abakoore, abakumire, abasalibwe, bagwombokesyanga, ekyabasoboleserye, eyabatumire, nikibaluma, yabairemu, yabaweire
- Bantu3
- VERB-Fin: agutaire, agutoonya
- Bantu5
- VERB-Fin: balisendere, kulibatoola, nalikoona
- Bantu6
- VERB-Fin: Bagagula, Bagabiika, Bagalongoosere, Bagaluma, Bagalumaa, bagakola, yagataire
- Bantu7
- VERB-Fin: Natakisanga, akimaite, bakikoore, tekikigaana, yakimanyiriire, yakitegeire
- Bantu9
- VERB-Fin: Nebajirabiira, Tagitwala, bagikinge, bagikingire, bajikingire
- Bantu1
- NounClass[psed]
- Bantu1
- PRON: wamwei, waamwe, wamwe, waamwei, Owaamwei, ewaabwe, waako
- Bantu14
- PRON: bwamwe
- Bantu2
- PRON: baabwe, bamwe, abaabwe
- Bantu4
- PRON: gyamwe
- Bantu5
- PRON: lyamwe
- Bantu7
- PRON: kyamwei
- Bantu9
- PRON: yaabwe, yamwe
- Bantu1
- NounClass[psor]
- Bantu1
- NOUN: oibaamwei, omamwei
- PRON: wamwei, waamwe, wamwe, bamwe, waamwei, Owaamwei, bwamwe, gyamwe, kyamwei, lyamwe
- Bantu12
- PRON: waako
- Bantu2
- PRON: baabwe, abaabwe, ewaabwe, yaabwe
- Bantu1
- NumForm
- Digit
- NUM: 1400
- Word
- NUM: ibiri, mukaaga, ikumi, musanju, abiri, emwe, inai, kanai, kataanu, kimwei
- Digit
- Number[iobj]
- Plur
- VERB-Fin: wabatubonera
- Plur
- Number[obj]
- Plur
- VERB-Fin: Munage, mutuleetere
- Sing
- VERB-Fin: nkukobere, nkubuulye, Nakuleetere, Nesiga, Nkobera, Nkumanyisye, Nkunyumize, Nkuwe, Twakukoba, nkujwisirye
- Plur
- Person[iobj]
- 1
- VERB-Fin: Namumbyaara, bakatuweire, wabatubonera
- 3
- VERB-Fin: kulibatoola
- 1
- Person[obj]
- 1
- VERB-Fin: ankoore, Ekutuleka, gukunduma, nanyegesyanga, nibampeerya, Bandeteire, Batwirukya, Nesiga, Nilutuleetera, Nkobera
- 2
- VERB-Fin: nkukobere, nkubuulye, balikukubba, Bakubuuliire, Munage, Nakuleetere, Nkumanyisye, Nkunyumize, Nkuwe, Twakukoba
- 3
- VERB: namukoba, Mulabule, akaita, balikalya, mubireke, nkaita, Bagagula, amufaaku, muwerye, obikola
- VERB-Fin: namukoba, Mulabule, akaita, balikalya, mubireke, nkaita, Bagagula, amufaaku, muwerye, obikola
- 1
- Person[psed]
- 3
- PRON: wange, waiswe, wamwei, bange, owange, abaamu, baabwe, byamu, gange, gwange
- 3
- Person[psor]
- 1
- PRON: wange, waiswe, bange, owange, gange, gwange, bwange, ewaiswe, kyange, abange
- 2
- PRON: abaamu, byamu, yamu, banywe, waamu, zaamu, baamu, bwamu, gwamu, kyamu
- 3
- PRON: wamwei, baabwe, waamwe, wamwe, bamwe, waamwei, Owaamwei, abaabwe, bwamwe, ewaabwe
- 1
- Red
- Yes
- ADJ: Zigumegume, budoolidooli, bukeeyikeeyi, kitabuletabule
- ADV: mpolampola, mmambyammambya
- DET: byonabyona
- NOUN: ammambyamambya, mmambyammambya
- PRON: Byonabyona, nywenanywe
- VERB-Fin: genkainenkaine, kyetwogetwogere, nkuurekuure, obukulugaluga
- Yes
- Referent
- Yes
- ADJ: ekikulu, Ekisumbe, Olulai, Omukulu, abakulu, egisai, ekindi, erikooto, eyasookere, eziiraguzu
- ADP: omu, oku, okuliga, owa
- ADV: oluvanyuma, Eirai, eigolo, ekusooka, olwaikire, Eizweri, Emambya, Olwaleero, amangu, emabega
- AUX: ekiri, ekitaa, olwali, abaali, ababbanga, abali, ataali, ebyalo, egitaali, obubbaire
- DET: abandi, abamwe, erimwei, erindi, ezindi
- NOUN: omukali, omwana, abantu, ontale, abaana, omusaiza, omaama, ebintu, Ongubbe, amaani
- NUM: abiri, emwe, amwei, emitwalo, omusanju, omwe
- PART: eya, aba, ekya, eza, owa, ebya, obwa, ogwa, okwa
- PRON: owange, abaamu, abandi, ebindi, ewaiswe, owe, Owaamwei, aba, abaabwe, abange
- PROPN: Okatwogere, aBakagiri, oDISO, oRuruuli, ODISO, OKyoga, ONakato, ONamwera, ONyansaigi, Okanca
- VERB-Fin: ebyayakaire, ekikutegeeza, oguweire, Atwekubbembera, EBIKWEKEERA, abaikala, abakukobanga, abakulaala, abaleetere, abataabbaanga
- VERB-Inf: okwaba, okubba, okulya, okusoma, okwira, okubona, okuwona, okwega, okwiza, okuba
- Yes
- Voice[add]
- Appl
- VERB-Fin: nkujwisirye
- Rfl
- VERB-Fin: akwekolesya, akwekoora, bakyekoora, beyambisyanga, neelumira, okwekolesya, yesigaliirye
- VERB-Inf: kwebonera, kweirukira
- Appl
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 3 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: li, ni, ta.
- This corpus uses 4 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: bba, aba, li, iza.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--NOUN (7)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (168)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (89)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON (2)
- obj
- VERB--NOUN (2)
- VERB--PRON (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (226)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(a) (5)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(ku) (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(na) (1)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (81)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (52)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-ADP(a) (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON (14)
- iobj
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (10)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (3)
- VERB-Inf--PRON (1)
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 16 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, advcl:relcl, advmod:cop, advmod:emph, advmod:loc, csubj:outer, flat:foreign, flat:name, flat:num, iobj:appl, nmod:desc, nmod:poss, nsubj:outer, obj:appl, obj:caus, obl:agent
- The following 6 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: expl, clf, list, orphan, goeswith, dep