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discourse:sp: sentence particle

Sentence particles, also commonly known as “sentence-final particles” in Chinese linguistics, occur at the end of clauses and sentences in Classical Chinese and have a wide range of functions including modifying the modality of a sentence or its proposition, and expressing discourse and pragmatic information. They are linked to the main predicate as discourse:sp dependents (we place them under an extension of discourse under a loose interpretation of “discourse”).

Common sentence-final particles in Classical Chinese include: 也, 哉, 已, 兮, 乎, 歟, 矣, 焉.

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# visual-style 4 6 discourse:sp	color:blue
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
1	賢	賢	VERB	v,動詞,描写,態度	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	Gloss=worthy|SpaceAfter=No
2	者	者	PART	p,助詞,提示,*	_	4	nsubj	_	Gloss=that-which|SpaceAfter=No
3	亦	亦	ADV	v,副詞,頻度,重複	_	4	advmod	_	Gloss=also|SpaceAfter=No
4	樂	樂	VERB	v,動詞,行為,態度	_	0	root	_	Gloss=enjoy|SpaceAfter=No
5	此	此	PRON	n,代名詞,指示,*	PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	Gloss=this|SpaceAfter=No
6	乎	乎	PART	p,助詞,句末,*	_	4	discourse:sp	_	Gloss=[Q]|SpaceAfter=No
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "VERB", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "PART", [ [ 2, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "ADV", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "PRON", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "PART", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-A1", "Degree", "embedded-1-S1-T1", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A2", "PronType", "embedded-1-S1-T5", "Dem" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R4", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R5", "discourse:sp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 賢" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v,動詞,描写,態度" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=worthy|SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 者" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: p,助詞,提示,*" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=that-which|SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 亦" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v,副詞,頻度,重複" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=also|SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 樂" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: v,動詞,行為,態度" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=enjoy|SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 此" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: n,代名詞,指示,*" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=this|SpaceAfter=No" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 乎" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: p,助詞,句末,*" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: Gloss=[Q]|SpaceAfter=No" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "embedded-1-S1-T6", "discourse:sp" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "賢 者 亦 樂 此 乎",
    "error": true
}

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