Clitic: clitic
(Please note: this part of the documentation is not yet completed.)
Language-specific feature identifying clitics attached to the word.
Finnish has a number of particle clitics used to express questions,
politeness, or focus. UD Finnish captures the presence of these
clitics using the Clitic feature, which takes one or more of the
following values, with multiple values expressing combinations, for
example Clitic=Ko,S for -kos (-ko + -s) as in voikos.
Kin: -kin
Expresses focus. Can often be translated into English as also. Forms contrasting pair with -kaan.
Examples
- [fi] minäkin menen “also I am going”
Kaan: -kaan
Expresses focus in negative contexts. Realized as -kaan or -kään. Forms contrasting pair with -kin.
Examples
- [fi] minäkään en mene “I am not going either”
Ko: -ko
Expresses a question. Realized as -ko or -kö.
Examples
- [fi] menenkö minä “do I go?”
Han: -han
Realized as -han or -hän.
Examples
- [fi] eihän “”
Pa: -pa
Realized as -pa or -pä.
Examples
- [fi] vaikkapa “”
S: -s
TODO
Examples
- [fi] mitäs “”
Ka: -ka
Realized as -ka or -kä. Attached to the negative verb ei, serves also as a conjunction.
Examples
- [fi] ei päätä eikä häntää “neither head nor tail”
References
- Karttunen and Karttunen (1976) The Clitic -kin/-kaan in Finnish (TODO link)
- http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/articles/discourse-clitics.pdf
- http://cowgill.ling.yale.edu/sra/clitics_iel.htm
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=126 (in Finnish)
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1635 (in Finnish)
Clitic in other languages: [cpg] [fi] [gl] [it] [kpv] [krl] [mdf] [myv] [olo] [orv] [pl] [quc] [sms] [vep] [wbp] [yrl]