This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
home cs/dep issue tracker

dobj: direct object

The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon. Most often the direct object is in the accusative case but there are verbs that require their objects be in other cases (except for nominative and vocative).

Accusative example:

Genitive example:

Dative example:

Instrumental example:

In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled dobj, regardless of the morphological case or semantic role that it bears. If there are two or more objects, one of them should be dobj and the others should be iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most directly affected object (patient). The one exception is when there is a clausal complement. Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj.

Diffs

Prague Dependency Treebank

The manual annotation of the PDT does not distinguish direct and indirect objects. Therefore all non-clausal dependents labeled Obj in PDT are currently labeled dobj in the converted data, even if it results in two or more direct objects attached to one verb. In future, the valency lexicon Vallex could be used to identify the main object.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This relation is universal.

79473 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

54473 instances of dobj (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.71216639613454.

The following 46 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: VERB-NOUN (56743; 71% instances), VERB-PRON (13934; 18% instances), ADJ-NOUN (3185; 4% instances), VERB-PROPN (2389; 3% instances), VERB-NUM (839; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (721; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (551; 1% instances), ADJ-PRON (370; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (280; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (111; 0% instances), SYM-NUM (68; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (44; 0% instances), ADJ-ADJ (33; 0% instances), VERB-PART (25; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (18; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (16; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (14; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (14; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (13; 0% instances), PUNCT-NOUN (13; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (11; 0% instances), PUNCT-NUM (10; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (8; 0% instances), NUM-PRON (8; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (7; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (7; 0% instances), PROPN-NOUN (7; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (5; 0% instances), ADV-PROPN (4; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (4; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (2; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (2; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (2; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (2; 0% instances), VERB-INTJ (2; 0% instances), ADJ-PART (1; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (1; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), PART-ADV (1; 0% instances), PART-PART (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (1; 0% instances), SYM-CONJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

This relation is universal.

24883 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

18483 instances of dobj (74%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.70353253225093.

The following 36 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: VERB-NOUN (18456; 74% instances), VERB-PRON (3734; 15% instances), ADJ-NOUN (1418; 6% instances), VERB-ADJ (261; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (218; 1% instances), VERB-NUM (159; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (158; 1% instances), ADJ-PRON (143; 1% instances), VERB-SYM (90; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (56; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (56; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (34; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (14; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (14; 0% instances), SYM-PRON (14; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (10; 0% instances), ADJ-ADJ (8; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (8; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (6; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (5; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (2; 0% instances), PART-PRON (2; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (2; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (1; 0% instances), ADP-SYM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (1; 0% instances), NUM-SYM (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), PROPN-SYM (1; 0% instances), SYM-ADJ (1; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (1; 0% instances), VERB-INTJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-PART (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

This relation is universal.

1552 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

1200 instances of dobj (77%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.4194587628866.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: VERB-NOUN (1115; 72% instances), ADJ-NOUN (237; 15% instances), VERB-PRON (110; 7% instances), X-NOUN (25; 2% instances), NOUN-NOUN (19; 1% instances), ADJ-PRON (12; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (11; 1% instances), VERB-NUM (9; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (5; 0% instances), X-PRON (5; 0% instances), ADJ-X (1; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-X (1; 0% instances).


dobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
BESbswyBESbswyBESbswyBESbswy