Mood: mood
Mood is a feature that expresses modality and subclassifies finite verb forms.
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker.
Examples
- [cs] Studuješ na univerzitě. “You study at the university.”
- [de] Du studierst an der Universität. “You study at the university.”
Imp: imperative
The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
Examples
- [cs] Studuj na univerzitě! “Study at the university!”
- [de] Studiere an der Universität! “Study at the university!”
Cnd: conditional
The conditional mood is used to express actions that would have taken place under some circumstances but they actually did not / do not happen. Grammars of some languages may classify conditional as tense (rather than mood) but e.g. in Czech it combines with two different tenses (past and present).
Examples
- [cs] Kdybych byl chytrý, studoval bych na univerzitě. “If I were smart I would study at the university” (note that only the auxiliary bych is specific to conditional; the active participle byl is also needed to analytically form the conditional mood, however, it will only be tagged as participle because it can also be used to form past tense indicative.)
Pot: potential
The action of the verb is likely but not certain. Used e.g. in Finnish.
Sub: subjunctive / conjunctive
The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. In German, it may be also used to convey the conditional meaning.
Examples
- [fr] Je veux que tu le fasses “I want you to do it” lit. I want that you it do.Sub
Jus: jussive
The jussive mood expresses the desire that the action happens. Used e.g. in Arabic.
Qot: quotative
The quotative mood is used e.g. in Estonian to denote direct speech.
Opt: optative
Used e.g. in Turkish in exclamations like “May you have a long life!” or “If only I were rich!”
Des: desiderative
The desiderative mood corresponds to the modal verb “want to”: “He wants to come.” Used e.g. in Turkish.
Nec: necessitative
The necessitative mood corresponds to the modal verbs “must, should, have to”: “He must come.” Used e.g. in Turkish.
Mood in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]