PART
: particle
Definition
Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g., adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).
Examples
- ci,là in demonstrative determiners such as ce gars-ci “this guy”
- euphonic t in “a-t-il” for example
- ne,n’ in the double negation marker “ne … pas” (pas is tagged as
ADV
)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
There are 1 PART
lemmas (6%), 15 PART
types (0%) and 1668 PART
tokens (0%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART
is: 10 in number of lemmas, 17 in number of types and 14 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART
lemmas: _
The 10 most frequent PART
types: n’, ne, ‘s, -ci, celle-ci, celles-ci, -là, Celui-ci, ci, là
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 73641, ADP 64129, DET 61780, PUNCT 44312, VERB 36183, PROPN 31663, ADJ 22616, PRON 17750, ADV 13108, NUM 10834, CONJ 10138, AUX 8952, SCONJ 2908, PART 1668, X 1056, SYM 486, INTJ 267)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 805, VERB 1), ’s (PART 25, X 11, VERB 2, ADP 1), -ci (PART 5, ADV 1, PRON 1), celle-ci (ADV 18, PART 4, PRON 3), celles-ci (ADV 4, PART 3), -là (ADV 8, PART 3), Celui-ci (ADV 20, PART 2), ci (PART 2, ADV 1), là (ADV 68, PART 2, DET 1), der (X 3, PROPN 2, PART 1)
- ne
- ’s
- PART 25: Résultats détaillés de l’ édition 1896 de le tournoi de tennis U.S. National Champ ’s .
- X 11: Plus récemment , il a travaillé derrière la caméra , en s’ occupant de le son sur le film Who ’s Your Daddy ?
- VERB 2: Toutes les chansons sont de David Bowie et Reeves Gabrels , sauf What ’s Really Happening ?
- ADP 1: Plusieurs biographes notent qu’ il doit fréquenter ensuite la Lincoln ’s Inn , une de les Inns of Court , écoles de droit de Londres .
- -ci
- PART 5: Pourquoi en serait -il autrement cette fois -ci ?
- ADV 1: Ces dispositions -ci ne sont pas affectées par le choix de le régime matrimonial ( art. 226 ) .
- PRON 1: Mais cette fois -ci , y a un autre élément qui intervient dans ce débat : après la spoliation territoriale , c’ est le temps de les violations graves de les droits humains .
- celle-ci
- ADV 18: Aujourd’hui , il ne reste qu’ un mur de celle-ci sur lequel s’ appuie un bâtiment plus moderne .
- PART 4: Si vous insistez pour la carafe , celle-ci arrive à le bout de la 3ème tentative .
- PRON 3: Des innocents se trouvent impliqués dans des affaires comme celle-ci alors qu’ ils sont en fait utilisés dans des stratagèmes politiques . “
- celles-ci
- -là
- Celui-ci
- ci
- là
- der
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART
is 15.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2777.470588).
The 1st highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “_”: ’s, -ci, -là, Celui-ci, celle-ci, celles-ci, ci, der, déca, là, n’, ne, penta, t’, up.
PART
does not occur with any features.
Relations
PART
nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: fr-dep/neg (1600; 96% instances), fr-dep/case (22; 1% instances), fr-dep/mwe (19; 1% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/expl (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/name (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubjpass (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PART
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (1338; 80% instances), ADJ (138; 8% instances), NOUN (134; 8% instances), PROPN (29; 2% instances), PRON (12; 1% instances), ADV (9; 1% instances), AUX (5; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)
1659 (99%) PART
nodes are leaves.
7 (0%) PART
nodes have one child.
2 (0%) PART
nodes have two children.
The highest child degree of a PART
node is 2.
Children of PART
nodes are attached using 6 different relations: fr-dep/case (3; 27% instances), fr-dep/punct (3; 27% instances), fr-dep/acl (2; 18% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (1; 9% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 9% instances), fr-dep/det (1; 9% instances)
Children of PART
nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: ADP (3; 27% instances), PUNCT (3; 27% instances), VERB (3; 27% instances), DET (1; 9% instances), PART (1; 9% instances)
PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]