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PART: particle

Definition

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g., adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 15 PART types (0%) and 1668 PART tokens (0%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 17 in number of types and 14 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: n’, ne, ‘s, -ci, celle-ci, celles-ci, -là, Celui-ci, ci, là

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 73641, ADP 64129, DET 61780, PUNCT 44312, VERB 36183, PROPN 31663, ADJ 22616, PRON 17750, ADV 13108, NUM 10834, CONJ 10138, AUX 8952, SCONJ 2908, PART 1668, X 1056, SYM 486, INTJ 267)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 805, VERB 1), ’s (PART 25, X 11, VERB 2, ADP 1), -ci (PART 5, ADV 1, PRON 1), celle-ci (ADV 18, PART 4, PRON 3), celles-ci (ADV 4, PART 3), -là (ADV 8, PART 3), Celui-ci (ADV 20, PART 2), ci (PART 2, ADV 1), (ADV 68, PART 2, DET 1), der (X 3, PROPN 2, PART 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 15.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2777.470588).

The 1st highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “_”: ’s, -ci, -là, Celui-ci, celle-ci, celles-ci, ci, der, déca, là, n’, ne, penta, t’, up.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: fr-dep/neg (1600; 96% instances), fr-dep/case (22; 1% instances), fr-dep/mwe (19; 1% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/expl (6; 0% instances), fr-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), fr-dep/name (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubjpass (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (1338; 80% instances), ADJ (138; 8% instances), NOUN (134; 8% instances), PROPN (29; 2% instances), PRON (12; 1% instances), ADV (9; 1% instances), AUX (5; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

1659 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

7 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

2 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 2.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 6 different relations: fr-dep/case (3; 27% instances), fr-dep/punct (3; 27% instances), fr-dep/acl (2; 18% instances), fr-dep/acl:relcl (1; 9% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 9% instances), fr-dep/det (1; 9% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: ADP (3; 27% instances), PUNCT (3; 27% instances), VERB (3; 27% instances), DET (1; 9% instances), PART (1; 9% instances)


PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]