cop: copula
A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and
the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible. For more on the cop relation, see the universal dependency description (u-dep/cop)
Bill est un homme honnête \n Bill is an honest man
cop(homme, est)
nsubj(homme, Bill)
amod(homme, honnête)
det(homme, un)
In the current French treebank, the following verbs are treated as copular ones: être, devenir, rester, demeurer, as well as in some constructions appeler, intituler, nommer, réputer, élir
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
5767 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
5695 instances of cop (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.13005028611063.
The following 19 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (3271; 57% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/VERB (1717; 30% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/VERB (320; 6% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (243; 4% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/VERB (58; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (53; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (49; 1% instances), fr-pos/X-fr-pos/VERB (15; 0% instances), fr-pos/SYM-fr-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (9; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 2 cop color:blue
1 C' _ PRON _ _ 9 nsubj _ _
2 est _ VERB _ _ 9 cop _ _
3 véritablement _ ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ _
4 pour _ ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
5 le _ DET _ _ 6 det _ _
6 futur _ NOUN _ _ 9 nmod _ _
7 baptisé _ VERB _ _ 6 acl _ _
8 un _ DET _ _ 9 det _ _
9 changement _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ _
10 de _ ADP _ _ 11 case _ _
11 cap _ NOUN _ _ 9 nmod _ _
12 . _ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 cop color:blue
1 Il _ PRON _ _ 4 nsubj _ _
2 ne _ PART _ _ 4 neg _ _
3 sera _ VERB _ _ 4 cop _ _
4 présent _ ADJ _ _ 0 root _ _
5 que _ ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ _
6 durant _ ADP _ _ 10 case _ _
7 les _ DET _ _ 10 det _ _
8 10 _ NUM _ _ 10 nummod _ _
9 premières _ ADJ _ _ 10 amod _ _
10 parties _ NOUN _ _ 4 nmod _ _
11 . _ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 3 cop color:blue
1 L' _ DET _ _ 2 det _ _
2 éditeur-en-chef _ NOUN _ _ 6 nsubj _ _
3 est _ VERB _ _ 6 cop _ _
4 Corey _ PROPN _ _ 6 name _ _
5 S. _ PROPN _ _ 6 compound _ _
6 Powell _ PROPN _ _ 0 root _ _
7 . _ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]