cop: copula
Copular clauses receive a special treatment in the SD scheme. The
predicative acts as the head word of the clause, and the copular verb
depends on it using a cop (copula) dependency. The only copular
verb in Finnish is olla “be” (see ISK
§891).
Huivi oli punainen . \n The_scarf was red .
nsubj:cop(punainen-3, Huivi-1)
cop(punainen-3, oli-2)
punct(punainen-3, .-4)
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=891 (in Finnish)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
3279 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.
3093 instances of cop (94%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.23970722781336.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (1337; 41% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1301; 40% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (243; 7% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (132; 4% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (107; 3% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (80; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (56; 2% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/VERB (15; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances).
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1 On olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kiva kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 7 punct _ _
5 kun kun SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 tuolla tuolla ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _
7 sai saada VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 csubj:cop _ _
8 hipelöidä hipelöidä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 xcomp _ _
9 kaikkea kaikki PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 :) :) SYM Symb _ 3 discourse _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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1 Bagelit bagel NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 6 nsubj:cop _ _
2 ja ja CONJ C _ 1 cc _ _
3 smoothiet smoothie NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Plur 1 conj 6:nsubj:cop _
4 olivat olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
5 ihana ihana ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ _
6 tapa tapa NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 aloittaa aloittaa VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 6 acl _ _
8 aamu aamu NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 7 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Yhdeksänkin yhdeksän NUM Num Case=Nom|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|NumType=Card 2 nummod _ _
2 pinniä pinni NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 4 nsubj:cop _ _
3 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 paljon paljon ADV Adv _ 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
3625 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.
3306 instances of cop (91%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.12193103448276.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (1767; 49% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1388; 38% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (171; 5% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (162; 4% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (63; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (43; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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1 Buckler buckler PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
3 vaalea vaalea ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 , , PUNCT Pun _ 3 punct _ FTB-rel=phrm
5 makeahko makeahko ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 conj _ _
6 , , PUNCT Pun _ 3 punct _ FTB-rel=phrm
7 lievästi lievästi ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _
8 vierremäinen vierremäinen ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 conj _ _
9 . . PUNCT Pun _ 8 punct _ _
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1 Suomi suomi PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
2 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
3 maailman maailma NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
4 hyvinvointivaltioita hyvinvointivaltio NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
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1 Me me PRON Pron,Pers,Pl1,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 aiomme aikoa VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Pl1 Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
3 tehdä tehdä VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 5 cop _ _
4 laista laki NOUN N,Sg,Ela Case=Ela|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 pysyvän pysyä VERB V,Act,PcpVa,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 2 ccomp _ _
6 . . PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
cop in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]