mark:rel: adjectival, relativizer, and nominalizer GE
The mark:rel relation is reserved for three related uses of 嘅 ge3: adjectives, relative clauses, and nominalized clauses.
Adjectives [ADJ + 嘅 + NOUN]
When an adjective modifying a noun is followed by the particle 嘅 before the noun, the adjective is the head of the particle 嘅.
# visual-style 1 2 mark:rel color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 嚴重 _ ADJ _ _ 3 amod _ grave
2 嘅 _ PART _ _ 1 mark:rel _ _
3 問題 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ problem
1 "grave _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 problem" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Relative clauses [clause + 嘅 + NOUN]
When the particle 嘅 is used after a clause turning it into a relative clause that modifies the following noun, the particle is a mark:rel dependent of the main verb of the relative clause.
# visual-style 5 6 mark:rel color:blue
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
1 阿明 _ PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Ming
2 喺 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ in
3 電視劇 _ NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ TV-show
4 入面 _ ADP _ _ 3 case:loc _ middle
5 戴 _ VERB _ _ 7 acl _ wear
6 嘅 _ PART _ _ 5 mark:rel _ REL
7 手鍊 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ bracelet
1 "the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 bracelet _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 that _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Ming _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 wears _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 in _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 TV _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 show" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Nominalized clauses [clause + 嘅]
When the particle 的 is used after a verb, predicate adjective, or object-less clause turning it into a nominal, the particle is annotated as a mark:rel dependent of the head of the nominalized clause.
# visual-style 2 3 mark:rel color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 佢哋 _ PRON _ _ 2 nsubj _ 3PL
2 寫 _ VERB _ _ 6 nsubj _ write
3 嘅 _ PART _ _ 2 mark:rel _ NMZR
4 唔 _ ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ NEG
5 係 _ ADJ _ _ 6 cop _ be
6 詩 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ poetry
1 "What _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 they _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 write _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 not _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 poetry." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
mark:rel in other languages: [sjo] [yue] [zh]