DeixisRef: person to which deixis is relative
| Values: | 1 | 2 |
DeixisRef is a feature of demonstrative pronouns, determiners,
and adverbs, accompanying Deixis when necessary. Deixis encodes position of
an entity relative to either the speaker or the hearer. If it is necessary to distinguish
the person whose location is the reference point (speaker or hearer), DeixisRef is used.
DeixisRef is not needed if all deictic expressions in the language are relative to the same
person (probably the speaker), or if they do not distinguish the reference point.
1: deixis relative to the first person participant (speaker)
Examples
- [wo] xaj bii “this dog” (close to me, wherever you may be)
Deixis=Prox|DeixisRef=1 - [wo] xaj bale “that dog” (far away from me, wherever you may be)
Deixis=Remt|DeixisRef=1
2: deixis relative to the second person participant (hearer)
Examples
- [wo] xaj boobu “that dog / the dog in question” (close to you, far from me)
Deixis=Prox|DeixisRef=2 - [wo] xaj boobale “that dog” (far away from both of us, but closer to you than to me)
Deixis=Med|DeixisRef=2
DeixisRef in other languages: [qpm] [u]