UD Southern Kurdish Garrusi
Language: Southern Kurdish (code: sdh)
Family: IE
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.17 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Hiwa Asadpour, Luigi Talamo, Helena Vaz, Annemarie Verkerk.
Repository: UD_Southern_Kurdish-Garrusi
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.17
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Genre: grammar-examples
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Southern Kurdish-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [asadpourhiwa (æt) gmail • com]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.
| Annotation | Source |
|---|---|
| Lemmas | annotated manually |
| UPOS | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| XPOS | not available |
| Features | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
A dependency treebank in Universal Dependencies (UD) format, derived from narrative and questionnaire texts. This document gives an overview of the annotation scheme, linguistic features, and structural patterns seen in the data.
This treebank contains annotated sentences in an understudied Kurdish language variety called Garrusi (Indo-European), spoken in western regions of Iran (see Asadpour and Zarei, forthcoming). The data is formatted according to the Universal Dependencies (UD) guidelines (v2.11), with detailed morphosyntactic annotation and dependency structure. The language shows features such as verb serialization, possessive clitics, and light verb constructions. Note: This README is based on the current state of the dataset, which includes 1,182 tokens. Some examples and tag distributions reflect larger internal versions of the corpus and might include sentences beyond the publicly released set.
Acknowledgments
We thank the contributors and native speakers who assisted in the creation of this dataset. We also acknowledge Masoumeh Zarei for her help during the early stages, before the main work began. This dataset supports the documentation and computational modeling of understudied languages.
References
Asadpour, Hiwa and Masoumeh Zarei. Forthcoming. Passive Construction in Garrusi Kurdish. In Paul Noorlander and Hiwa Asadpour (eds.), Passivization in Semitic, Iranian, Armenian and Beyond: A Typological Overview, series Cambridge Semitic Languages and Cultures. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies and Open Book Publishers.
Statistics of UD Southern Kurdish Garrusi
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – VERB – X
Features
Aspect – Definite – ExtPos – Mood – Number – Person – Tense – VerbForm – Voice
Relations
acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – advmod:emph – case – cc – compound – compound:lvc – conj – dep – det – discourse – dislocated – fixed – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nummod – obj – obl – parataxis – punct – root
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 221 sentences, 1551 tokens and 1685 syntactic words.
- All tokens in this corpus are followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 18 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: duçerxi’o, Zařû’ege, da’o, e’o, zařû’egan, ’î, bizinege’o, dû’in, kulawge’, kula’i, lewda'ewe, leyre’o, nefere’êş, pîyage’o, texti’, xoda!, yane’o, yê'o
- This corpus contains 134 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
- There are 70 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: kumekî, pay, eray, xoy, gîştî, cemî, cemîyan, dwanî, kumegî, ley, qiçî, Îvetî, Bîne, Timşay, bawuşî, gulabîyeganî, hewasî, kirde, lew, mesîri, nişanî, sebedegey, werdem, weri, wey, Ayre, Cûrawî, Gîşîtî, Hatine, Kumikîş, Wujnigî, baqibane’o, baqîye, baregey, barî, bawkî, bîno, desî, gulabîyegey, halî’î, hate, kanî, kelaweget, kelawegey, kelawet, keleşîre, kilawegey, kinarî, kulawget, kumeki.
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 14 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: AUX, SCONJ, SYM
- This corpus contains 9 word types tagged as particles (PART): He, erî, ewse, her, hêşto, ki, xo, xodi, çe
- This corpus contains 25 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): Ayda, Herkan, Yane, Yêk, Yêki, Yêkileyan, Yêş, cem, et, ewane, ewe, ewkil, ewse, ki, kuř, t, xo, xoyan, y, yan, yo, yê, î, îyan, îyo
- This corpus contains 9 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): ay, ew, ewane, ewe, yane’o, ye, yê, yêk, yêkdîr
- Out of the above, 3 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: ewane, ewe, yê
- This corpus contains 0 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX):
- There are 1 (de)verbal forms:
- Fin
- VERB: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, kird, bîn, bîye, dû
Nominal Features
- Plur
- DET: Ewane, yane’o
- NOUN: gulabîyegan, mîvegan, Dirextegan, Pagan, sîfegan, zařû’egan, Gulabîyeganêş, daregan, kelişîreganî, kuřeganêş
- PRON: ewane, ewanêş, xoyan, Yanêş, îyan, Yane, cemîyan, yan, Herkanîyan, Yêkileyan
- VERB: kirdin, ken, bîn, hatin, biken, den, dîrin, dan, dořin, dîyan
- VERB-Fin: kirdin, ken, bîn, hatin, biken, den, dan, dořin, dîyan, kene
- Sing
- DET: ew, ewe, ewêş, ye, yê, Î, yêk, yêkdîrîy
- NOUN: kumek, rikab, bango, pa, zemîn, duçerxi’o, kuře, sebedege, nefer, řikab
- PRON: î, y, ewe, Ewêş, t, Yêş, et, xo, yê, ’î
- VERB: dey, da, key, bî, kird, bîye, dû, dîrî, bikey, dîyay
- VERB-Fin: dey, da, key, bî, kird, bîye, dû, bikey, dîyay, kirdin
- Def
- DET: Ew, Ewe
- NOUN: gulabîyegan, sebedege, kuře, gulabîyege, pîyage, kelişîrege, kelawege, duçerxege, Zařû’ege, cûrawege
- PRON: Ewêş
- Ind
- DET: yê, yêkî, yêk, yêkdîrîy
- NOUN: neferî, sûtî, dem, hûş, kelişîrî, kuçigî, kuçikî, kuřî, şüştegî
- NUM: Yê
- PRON: Herkanîyan, Yêkiley, Yêkileyan, Yêkileyane, ewkile
Degree and Polarity
Verbal Features
- Imp
- VERB-Fin: dîyay, Dîyan, diken, diçînî
- Perf
- VERB-Fin: keftîye, keftîvî, bîvî, girdîvî, keftîyu, kirdîye, mînîyaye, rîşîyavî, rîşîyavîne, wessîye
- Imp
- VERB-Fin: bew, bûwis, girdîvî, mede, Şa
- Ind
- VERB-Fin: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, kird, bîn, dû, hatin
- Sub
- VERB-Fin: biken, bikey, bey, bûwey, Bizam, bem, bikenî, bizanî, bîrûwey, bîyarî
- Fut
- VERB: biken, bikey, bey, bûwey, xwazî, Bizam, Dîrîyay, bem, bew, bikenî
- VERB-Fin: biken, bikey, bey, bûwey, Bizam, Dîrîyay, bem, bew, bikenî, bitekinî
- Past
- VERB-Fin: da, kirdin, bî, kird, bîn, hatin, wut, dîrîya, rûwey, bîye
- Pres
- VERB: dey, key, ken, dû, bîye, dîrî, dîyay, den, dořî, dîrin
- VERB-Fin: dey, key, ken, dû, bîye, dîyay, den, dořî, deyo, dîyan
- Act
- VERB: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, kird, bîn, bîye, dû
- VERB-Fin: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, kird, bîn, bîye, dû
- Cau
- VERB-Fin: bitekinî, rîşîyavî, tekanin, řişanin
- Pass
- VERB-Fin: dîrîya, Dîrîyay, de, rîşîya
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- 1
- VERB-Fin: Bizam, bem, nîzam, nîzanim
- 2
- PRON: t, et
- VERB-Fin: bew, bûwis, key, mede, Şa
- 3
- PRON: î, y, ewane, xoyan, ewanêş, ewe, yan, îyan, Yane, xo
- VERB: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, bîn, kird, bîye, hatin
- VERB-Fin: dey, da, kirdin, key, bî, ken, bîn, kird, bîye, hatin
Other Features
- ExtPos
- ADP
- ADP: we, le, naw, era, e, wer, l, eray
- ADP
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus does not contain copulas.
- This corpus does not contain auxiliaries.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--NOUN (2)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (75)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(e) (2)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(le) (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(we) (1)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (30)
- obj
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (71)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(i) (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-ADP(le) (2)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (1)
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 4 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, advmod:emph, compound:lvc, nmod:poss
- The following 1 main types are not used alone, they are always subtyped: acl
- The following 17 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: iobj, csubj, ccomp, xcomp, vocative, expl, aux, cop, mark, appos, amod, clf, flat, list, orphan, goeswith, reparandum