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UD Occitan TTB

Language: Occitan (code: oc)
Family: IE

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.16 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Aleksandra Miletić, Myriam Bras, Louise Esher, Clamença Poujade, Jean Sibille, Marianne Vergez-Couret.

Repository: UD_Occitan-TTB
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.17

License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Genre: fiction, nonfiction, news

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Occitan-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [aleksandra • miletic-haddad (æt) cnrs • fr]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation	Source
Lemmas	annotated manually
UPOS	annotated manually, natively in UD style
XPOS	annotated manually
Features	not available
Relations	annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

Tolosa Treebank was developed as part of the EFA 227/16 LINGUATEC Project, financed by the POCTEFA Interreg European funds. It includes data from literature, newspapers, encyclopedia, scientific papers and web blogs.

The current version of the treebank contains 25K tokens annotated for PoS tags, lemmas and syntactic dependencies. Four major dialects are represented: Lengadocian, Gascon, Lemosin and Provençau. Note, however, that the data is heavily skewed towards Lengadocian.

Acknowledgments

Corpus team:

• Myriam Bras (Toulouse University)
• Louise Esher (CNRS)
• Aleksandra Miletić (CNRS)
• Clamença Poujade (Toulouse University)
• Jean Sibille (Toulouse University)
• Marianne Vergez-Couret (Poitiers University)

References

Aleksandra Miletic, Myriam Bras, Marianne Vergez-Couret, Louise Esher, Clamença Poujade, and Jean Sibille. 2020. A Four-Dialect Treebank for Occitan: Building Process and Parsing Experiments. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects, pages 140–149, Barcelona, Spain (Online). International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL).

Statistics of UD Occitan TTB

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X

Features

ExtPos

Relations

acl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – conj – cop – csubj – dep – det – discourse – discourse:enunc – dislocated – expl – fixed – flat – iobj – mark – nmod – nsubj – nsubj:outer – nummod – obj – obl – orphan – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• This corpus contains 1522 sentences, 25121 tokens and 25619 syntactic words.

• This corpus contains 4361 tokens (17%) that are not followed by a space.

• This corpus does not contain words with spaces.

• This corpus contains 109 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: l', d', qu', s', n', m', t', 'n, 's, 'm, -me, -te, 'u, pr'aquò, l'òm, -vos, -lo, etc., qualqu', 't, -i, -la, -nos, b', vint-e-cinc, z', Ça'i, 'bilhat, 'nar, 'nava, 'ns, 'restar, 'vances, 'vs, -a, -en, -s, -se, -u, -z-, Blue-jean, D'alhors, D'unes, En-Delai, Joan-Lluís, Joan-Pau, Math-Elèm, Meaux-París, Nòstre-Sénher, Oc-ben

• This corpus contains 498 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
• There are 34 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: del, al, dels, au, sul, dau, deus, pel, deu, pels, deth, dera, als, daus, dei, ath, entaus, ai, aus, des, peu, suu, tau, ais, ara, peth, suls, deras, entau, jol, jols, pera, peus, tath.

Morphology

Tags

• This corpus uses 16 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
• This corpus does not use the following tags: SYM

• This corpus contains 12 word types tagged as particles (PART): Ja, Ne, b', d', de, e, n', no, non, qu', que, se

• This corpus contains 88 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): 'u, -me, -u, ac, aquel, aquerò, aqueste, aqueth, aquò, arren, arrès, aute, autre, açò, cadun, cap, ce, cu, cò, de_un, degun, degús, dont, dos, el, en, eth, eu, i, ieu, io, jo, li, lo, lo_qual, lor, los, me, men, mieu, nautrei, nautres, ne, nos, nosaute, nosautre, nosautres, noste, nòstre, o, on, ont, onte, pauc, qual, qualqu'un, qualques-unes, quauquaren, que, qui, quicòm, qué, quò, ren, res, se, se-mesma, sieu, son, tal, tant, te, tot, totòm, tu, u, un, vautres, ve, vos, vosautres, vosauts, zo, ça, çai, ço, çò, òm

• This corpus contains 46 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): a_lo, aiceste, aquel, aqueste, aqueth, aqueu, aute, autre, autres, cada, cha, cèrt, cèrtas, de, eth, fòrça, gelosia, le, lo, lor, los, mai, mantun, men, meu, mon, nat, nombrós, nòste, nòstre, qualque, quauque, queu, quin, quite, seu, son, tal, tant, tieu, ton, tot, tota, un, vòste, vòstre

• Out of the above, 16 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: aquel, aqueste, aqueth, aute, autre, eth, lo, lor, los, men, nòstre, son, tal, tant, tot, un

• This corpus contains 7 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): auer, aver, avere, estar, èsser, èster, èstre

• Out of the above, 7 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: auer, aver, avere, estar, èsser, èster, èstre

• This corpus does not use the VerbForm feature.

Nominal Features

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

Other Features

• ExtPos
  • ADP
    • ADP: a, cap, en, fins, de, gràcias, a-, amb, dempuèi, rapòrt
    • ADV: Mai, ençà
    • NOUN: cap, ras
  • ADV
    • ADP: de, d', en, per, a
    • ADV: mai, ça, pauc, tant, Tot, Uei, ara, açai, se, un
    • CCONJ: E
    • DET: un
    • NOUN: Fin
    • PART: d'
    • PRON: Aquò, un, çai
  • CCONJ
    • ADV: tanplan
    • AUX: es
    • CCONJ: e
  • DET
    • ADJ: quantes
    • ADV: mai, cap, gaire, ges, aitant, pro, tant
    • DET: mai, qualqu', tant
  • INTJ
    • ADP: de
  • PRON
    • ADP: de
    • DET: qualqu', qualques, quauqua
    • X: z', -z-
  • PROPN
    • ADP: De
  • SCONJ
    • ADP: per, a, coma, d', de, Pèr, Tre, abans, alevat, aprèp
    • ADV: abans, tant, 'vances, afin, avant, mèslèu, pr'amor, tan
    • CCONJ: e, mas
    • DET: Un
    • SCONJ: mentre, se, coma

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

• This corpus uses 4 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: èsser, èstre, estar, èster.

• This corpus uses 7 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: aver, èsser, èstre, estar, auer, avere, èster.

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

• nsubj
  • VERB--NOUN (510)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(de) (1)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(dins) (1)
  • VERB--PRON (325)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(a) (1)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(de) (1)

• obj
  • VERB--NOUN (809)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(a) (2)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(de) (7)
  • VERB--PRON (543)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(sens) (1)

• iobj
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(a) (3)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(de) (1)
  • VERB--PRON (264)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(a) (2)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(de) (1)

Relations Overview

• This corpus uses 2 relation subtypes: discourse:enunc, nsubj:outer
• The following 3 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: clf, list, goeswith

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