UD Laz BOUN
Language: Laz (code: lzz)
Family: Kartvelian
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.19 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Utku Türk, Kaan Bayar, Ayşegül Dilara Özercan, Görkem Yiğit Öztürk, Betül Bilgin.
Repository: UD_Laz-BOUN
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.19
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Genre: grammar-examples
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Laz-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [utkuturkboun (æt) gmail • com]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.
| Annotation | Source |
|---|---|
| Lemmas | annotated manually |
| UPOS | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| XPOS | annotated manually |
| Features | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
| Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
The data used in this treebank consist of linguistic examples from academic works which describe the Laz language.
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Acknowledgments
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References
@inproceedings{turk-etal-2020-first,
title = "First Steps towards {U}niversal {D}ependencies for {L}az",
author = {T{\"u}rk, Utku and
Bayar, Kaan and
{\"O}zercan, Ay{\c{s}}eg{\"u}l Dilara and
{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, G{\"o}rkem Yi{\u{g}}it and
{\"O}zate{\c{s}}, {\c{S}}aziye Bet{\"u}l},
editor = "de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine and
de Lhoneux, Miryam and
Nivre, Joakim and
Schuster, Sebastian",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on {U}niversal {D}ependencies ({UDW} 2020)",
month = dec,
year = "2020",
address = "Barcelona, Spain (Online)",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.udw-1.21/",
pages = "189--194",
abstract = "This paper presents the first treebank for the Laz language, which is also the first Universal Dependencies Treebank for a South Caucasian language. This treebank aims to create a syntactically and morphologically annotated resource for further research. We also aim to document an endangered language in a systematic fashion within an inherently cross-linguistic framework: the Universal Dependencies Project (UD). As of now, our treebank consists of 576 sentences and 2,306 tokens annotated in light with the UD guidelines. We evaluated the treebank on the dependency parsing task using a pretrained multilingual parsing model, and the results are comparable with other low-resourced treebanks with no training set. We aim to expand our treebank in the near future to include 1,500 sentences. The bigger goal for our project is to create a set of treebanks for minority languages in Anatolia."
}
Statistics of UD Laz BOUN
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB
Features
Animacy – Aspect – Case – Definite – Mood – Number – Number[obj] – Number[psor] – Number[subj] – NumType – Person – Person[obj] – Person[psor] – Person[subj] – Polarity – PronType – Reflex – Tense – VerbForm – Voice
Relations
acl – advcl – advmod – amod – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – compound:redup – conj – cop – csubj – det – flat – iobj – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nummod – obj – obl – parataxis – punct – root – vocative – xcomp
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 576 sentences and 2306 tokens.
- This corpus contains 441 tokens (19%) that are not followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 152 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: dişk'a, k'ata, k'oçik, oşk'uri, t'k'u, biç'is, t'k'va, Kat'a, at'axu, cenç'areri, k'oçi, k'oçis, past'a, t'axu, şk'u, Koç'ik, at'axen, ek'na, it'axen, it'axu, k'inçi, k'iu, t'abaxi, Bozomot'ak, Koç'i, biç'ik, domats'anu, fuk'aras, gonts'umu, ist'ik'anepe, it'urs, k'aptşa, k'ies, layç'epe, lazut'i, mits'u, mots'iru, pt'axi, sebap'on, t'axeri, t'axum, t'axums, t'axuri, tojtş'i, uç'u, xorts'i, ç'ik'oleta, Furt'onak, Furt'onas, K'oçepek
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 14 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB
- This corpus does not use the following tags: INTJ, SYM, X
- This corpus contains 5 word types tagged as particles (PART): mot, va, var, vati, şkomu
- This corpus contains 23 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): Bere, Mis, him, himuk, himus, ma, mi, mu, muya, mušeni, o, s, si, t'k'va, tkʼva, tʼkva, tʼkʼva, çendi, şk', şk'u, şku, şkʼu, ški
- This corpus contains 13 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): Kat, Kat'a, Kata, a, dido, do, e, ham, iri, k'at, k'at'a, k'ata, opşa
- This corpus contains 2 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): on, ortʼu
- There are 3 (de)verbal forms:
- Fin
- NOUN: ibgars
- VERB: cʼolu, ibgars, umbağ, čarums, cʼoli, eugitʼinu, gimbağ, ibgar, mecʼu, mimbağ
- Part
- AUX: vortʼişen
- VERB: indrikhen, matʼaxen, molveri, zit'eri, şk'omeri, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten, alimben, atʼaxen
- Vnoun
- VERB: Bavshvma
Nominal Features
- Anim
- NOUN: layç'epe, k'at'upe, kinç'i, layç'isk'ani
- Hum
- NOUN: beres, Xordzak, k'oçik, bere, biç'is, Berek, Nanak, Koç'ik, Nanas, beremuşis
- Inan
- NOUN: dişk'a, yalis, ek'na, obiraşe, past'a, Furt'onak, cari, cenç'areri, nk'olak, nk'olate
- Plur
- NOUN: xepe, berepe, talebes, Çilepe, berepes, Berepek, berepemuşi, layç'epe, pucepe, K'oçepek
- PRON: t'k'va, şk'u, Şkʼu
- PROPN: Amedik, Şkʼu
- VERB: ğures, golulvapun, utʼaxapun, ğururan, at'axeran, at'axes, dot'k'ves, duğurun, eyulun, imxoran
- Sing
- ADJ: noseri, ar, Aylak
- ADP: şeni
- ADV: fara, Hak, bere, fiçiri, opşa, uneneli, ğoma
- AUX: on, donu, vore, voret
- DET: ham, dido, opşa
- NOUN: bere, beres, cami, Berek, k'oçik, Xordzak, nanak, pasta, xordzas, svara
- NOUN-Fin: ibgars
- PRON: ma, si, him, mik, mis, çendi, Beres, mi, onu, şk'u
- PROPN: Alik, Alis, Şana, Ayşes, Ali, Artek, Ahmedik, Ayşe, Tanurak, Amedik
- SCONJ: doni
- VERB: t'k'u, ibgars, ğuru, at'axu, bdziri, bgorum, bğuri, cʼolu, it'axu, it'urs
- VERB-Fin: cʼolu, ibgars, čarums, cʼoli, eugitʼinu, ibgar, mecʼu, tʼaxas, umbağ, vibgar
- Abl
- NOUN: oxorişe
- Acc
- NOUN: obgarumuşi
- PRON: onu
- PROPN: t'k'u
- VERB: t'k'u, mincğonu, mits'u
- Ben
- NOUN: beremuşişeni
- VERB: oxeluşeni
- Dat
- ADV: opşa
- NOUN: beres, xordzas, nanamuşis, dişk'a, biç'is, Nanas, k'oçis, beremuşis, berepes, yalis
- PRON: mis, ma, si, Beres
- PROPN: Alis, Ayşes, Şana, Artes, Ahmedis, Amedis, Ayses, Ayşesi
- VERB: gat'axenna
- Erg
- ADJ: irik, Aylak
- NOUN: berek, Xordzak, k'oçik, Nanak, Nanamuşik, Berepek, Koç'ik, Kʼoçik, Bozomot'ak, Kʼočik
- PRON: ma, mik, si, T'k'va
- PROPN: Alik, Ahmedik, Artek, Amedik, Şanak, Aylak, Tanurak
- VERB: berek
- Gen
- NOUN: bereşi, Mtsʼupun
- PROPN: Alik
- VERB: unçxun
- Ins
- NOUN: nk'olate
- Loc
- NOUN: yalis, kʼelemite, livadis, çʼakʼuçʼite
- Nom
- ADJ: noseri
- ADP: şeni
- ADV: fara, Hak, bere, fiçiri, uneneli, ğoma
- AUX: on, donu, vore, voret
- DET: ham, dido, opşa
- NOUN: bere, dişk'a, cami, oşk'uri, oxori, svara, timuşi, cenç'areri, past'a, beremuşi
- NUM: beremuşi
- PRON: ma, mi, si, t'k'va, şk'u, him, mis, Çendi, Şkʼu
- PROPN: Ali, Şana, Artek, Ayşe, Ayşes, Tanurak, Alik, Alis, Mpʼolişe, Si
- SCONJ: doni
- VERB: bgorum, Bavshvma, acibu, alimbu, bdziri, iduşunams, it'axu, it'urs, itzopxen, itʼaxen
- VERB-Vnoun: Bavshvma
- Ind
- DET: a
Degree and Polarity
- Neg
- PROPN: Amedik
- Pos
- AUX-Part: vortʼişen
- PRON: çendi
- VERB: utʼaxapun, golulvapun, ibgars, indrikhen, matʼaxen, Bavshvma, Beres, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten
- VERB-Fin: ibgar
- VERB-Part: indrikhen, matʼaxen, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten, alimben, atʼaxen, aşʼkven, cegaçen, imskʼven
- VERB-Vnoun: Bavshvma
Verbal Features
- Imp
- NOUN: pk'iam
- VERB: alimben, gorums, çams, çitums, t'axum, ğurun, at'rağoden, aşk'urinen, malimben, udzirapun
- VERB-Fin: čarums, ibgars
- Perf
- AUX-Part: vortʼişen
- NOUN: doloxt'es, gamaxt'es
- PRON: mi, çendi
- PROPN: Amedik
- VERB: utʼaxapun, golulvapun, ibgars, indrikhen, matʼaxen, Bavshvma, Beres, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten
- VERB-Part: indrikhen, matʼaxen, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten, alimben, atʼaxen, aşʼkven, cegaçen, imskʼven
- VERB-Vnoun: Bavshvma
- Imp
- VERB: golulvapun, ibgars, utʼaxapun, Beres, duçalişams, duğurun, edgams, eyulun, ibgaru, ndrukhun
- VERB-Fin: tʼaxas
- Ind
- AUX-Part: vortʼişen
- NOUN-Fin: ibgars
- PRON: mi, çendi
- PROPN: Amedik
- VERB: cʼolu, ibgars, indrikhen, matʼaxen, umbağ, čarums, Bavshvma, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten
- VERB-Fin: cʼolu, ibgars, umbağ, čarums, cʼoli, eugitʼinu, gimbağ, ibgar, mecʼu, mimbağ
- VERB-Part: indrikhen, matʼaxen, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten, alimben, atʼaxen, aşʼkven, cegaçen, imskʼven
- VERB-Vnoun: Bavshvma
- Opt
- VERB: Tkva
- Past
- NOUN: pt'axi, gamaxt'es, manciru, ocarapi, vilimbi
- PRON: çendi
- PROPN: Amedik
- VERB: dziru, bdziri, adziru, mdzires, mdziru, mincğonu, ucari, at'axu, domats'anu, gdziri
- VERB-Fin: cʼoli, cʼolu, eugitʼinu, mecʼu
- Pres
- AUX-Part: vortʼişen
- NOUN: doloxt'es, ibgars
- NOUN-Fin: ibgars
- PRON: mi
- VERB: ibgars, utʼaxapun, golulvapun, indrikhen, it'axen, matʼaxen, umbağ, čarums, ğururan, Bavshvma
- VERB-Fin: ibgars, umbağ, čarums, cʼolu, gimbağ, ibgar, mimbağ, tʼaxas, vibgar, vumbağ
- VERB-Part: indrikhen, matʼaxen, abgarinen, aceren, ak'vaten, alimben, atʼaxen, aşʼkven, cegaçen, imskʼven
- VERB-Vnoun: Bavshvma
- Act
- NOUN-Fin: ibgars
- VERB-Fin: cʼolu, ibgars, umbağ, čarums, cʼoli, eugitʼinu, gimbağ, ibgar, mecʼu, mimbağ
- Cau
- NOUN: manciru, ocarapi
- VERB: ocarapi, oçitapu, moncirapu, moçitapu, ucari, voncarapi, Micarapamt'it, ak'vaten, at'axapen, mancirapu
- VERB-Part: ak'vaten
- Pass
- NOUN: vilimbi
- PRON: çendi
- VERB: abgarinen, ilimben, it'axu, maçalişinen, ok'icoxamanan
- VERB-Part: abgarinen, maçalişinen, ok'icoxamanan
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- Ind
- VERB: bdziri
- Prs
- NOUN: Berek, nana
- PRON: si, him, ma, onu
- PROPN: Şana
- Card
- AUX: on
- NOUN: beres, yatağis, beremuşi, obgarumuşi
- Yes
- PRON: Çendi
- 1
- NOUN: ma, bere, k'oçik, nana, pk'iam
- PRON: ma, şk'u, si, Şkʼu
- PROPN: Şana, Amedik, Şkʼu
- VERB: bğuri, vuçʼvi, bdziri, bzdam, bzdi, bğurur, gamaft'i, p't'k'vit, pk'ii, pt'axi
- VERB-Fin: vibgar
- 2
- NOUN: Si
- PRON: si, t'k'va, ma
- VERB: golulvapun, ibgars, utʼaxapun, Beres, Coli, Colur, T'axi, T'axum, Tkva, Tkvi
- VERB-Fin: cʼoli, ibgar
- 3
- ADJ: noseri, Aylak
- ADP: şeni
- ADV: fara, Hak, bere, fiçiri, opşa, uneneli, ğoma
- AUX: on, donu, vore, voret
- DET: ham, dido, opşa
- NOUN: beres, bere, Berek, k'oçik, Xordzak, nanak, xordzas, timuşi, biç'is, dişk'a
- NOUN-Fin: ibgars
- PRON: ma, him, çendi, mi, mik, mis, onu
- PROPN: Alik, Alis, Ayşes, Ali, Artek, Şana, Ahmedik, Ayşe, Tanurak, Amedik
- SCONJ: doni
- VERB: t'k'u, iduşunams, ğures, ğuru, at'axu, bgorum, cʼolu, ibgars, it'axu, it'urs
- VERB-Fin: cʼolu, ibgars, čarums, eugitʼinu, mecʼu, tʼaxas, umbağ
- Plur
- PRON: t'k'va
- Sing
- ADJ: noseri
- ADP: şeni
- ADV: uneneli
- AUX: donu
- NOUN: nanamuşis, timuşi, Nanamuşik, nanamuşi, beremuşis, cami, Nanaşkimik, beremuşi, berepemuşi, noseri
- NUM: beremuşi
- PRON: ma
- VERB: acibu, alimbu, bdziri, gaceru, k'iu, maceru, matʼaxu, mecʼu, mekçu, meçu
Other Features
- Number[obj]
- Sing
- VERB-Fin: gimbağ, mimbağ
- Sing
- Number[subj]
- Sing
- VERB-Fin: vumbağ
- Sing
- Person[obj]
- 1
- VERB-Fin: mimbağ
- 2
- VERB: Kçi, gimbağ
- VERB-Fin: gimbağ
- 1
- Person[psor]
- 1
- NOUN: Nanaşkimik, Cumaşkimik, Nanamuşik, Nanaşk'imik
- PRON: ma
- 2
- NOUN: layç'isk'ani
- PRON: t'k'va
- VERB: mincğonu
- 3
- ADJ: noseri
- ADP: şeni
- ADV: uneneli
- AUX: donu
- NOUN: nanamuşis, timuşi, Nanamuşik, beremuşi, nanamuşi, beremuşis, cami, berepemuşi, noseri, Noti
- NUM: beremuşi
- VERB: acibu, alimbu, bdziri, gaceru, k'iu, maceru, matʼaxu, mecʼu, mekçu, meçu
- 1
- Person[subj]
- 1
- VERB: Kçi, vumbağ
- VERB-Fin: vumbağ
- 1
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 2 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: on, ortʼu.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: on.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--NOUN (70)
- VERB--NOUN-Dat (32)
- VERB--NOUN-Erg (87)
- VERB--NOUN-Nom (36)
- VERB--PRON (68)
- VERB--PRON-Dat (9)
- VERB--PRON-Erg (18)
- VERB--PRON-Nom (21)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Erg (5)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (2)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (2)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Erg (4)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (1)
- VERB-Part--NOUN (2)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Dat (2)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (3)
- VERB-Part--PRON (3)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Nom (2)
- obj
- VERB--NOUN (60)
- VERB--NOUN-Dat (9)
- VERB--NOUN-Erg (1)
- VERB--NOUN-Loc (1)
- VERB--NOUN-Nom (104)
- VERB--PRON (35)
- VERB--PRON-Dat (1)
- VERB--PRON-Nom (33)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (2)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (5)
- VERB-Part--NOUN (3)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (2)
- VERB-Part--PRON (1)
- iobj
- VERB--NOUN-Dat (25)
- VERB--NOUN-Nom (2)
- VERB--PRON (3)
- VERB--PRON-Dat (21)
- VERB--PRON-Nom (1)
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 2 relation subtypes: compound:redup, nmod:poss
- The following 11 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: expl, dislocated, discourse, appos, clf, fixed, list, orphan, goeswith, reparandum, dep