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UD English ESLSpok

Language: English (code: en)
Family: Indo-European, Germanic

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.12 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Kris Kyle, Masaki Eguchi, Aaron Miller, Ted Sither.

Repository: UD_English-ESLSpok
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.13

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Genre: spoken

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either English-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [kkyle2 (æt) uoregon • edu]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.

Annotation Source
Lemmas not available
UPOS annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD, with some manual corrections of the conversion
XPOS annotated manually
Features annotated manually, natively in UD style
Relations annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

This repository includes the Dependency Treebank of Spoken L2 English (SL2E), which consists of Universal Dependency annotations for a random sample of sentences from the NICT JLE, a corpus of spoken second language English. The homepage of the project is here.

This treebank is a part of a larger effort to make more treebank data that represents second language (L2) use publicly available.

Fine-grained part of speech tags (XPOS) were based on the Penn Treebank Tagset and were manually annotated from scratch by at least two annotators. The XPOS annotation guidelines can be found here. Dependency annotations followed the Universal Dependencies (version 2.0) and were also manually annotated from scratch by at least two trained annotators. Supplemental annotation guidelines can be found here.

Universal part of speech tags (UPOS) were added using a probabilistic model trained using both L1 and L2 sections of the English UD treebanks (EWT, GUM, GUMReddit, Pronouns, PUD, and ESL) that relies on the XPOS tag and the UD syntactic relation. Automatic tagging accuracy was .9885 (macro accuracy), and all tags acheived an f1 above .97. The UPOS tags were subsequently checked manually.

More data is available that has been tagged with XPOS tags only on the project homepage.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all of the undergraduate linguists who have contributed to this project: Chasen Afghani, Charles Baker-Rozell, Tyler Demmon, Zoe Haupt, Reed Jordan, Aaron Miller, Ted Sither, Grace Teuscher, and Claire Worthington

References

Treebank reference:

Kyle, K., Eguchi, M., Miller, A., & Sither, T. (2022). A dependency treebank of spoken second language English. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2022), pp. 39-45., Seattle, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics. pdf

Source Corpus Reference:

Izumi, E., Uchimoto, K., & Isahara, H. (2004). The NICT JLE Corpus: Exploiting the language learners’ speech database for research and education. International Journal of The Computer,the Internet and Management, 12(2), 119–125.

Statistics of UD English ESLSpok

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X

Features

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – cc:preconj – ccomp – compound – compound:prt – conj – cop – csubj – dep – det – det:predet – discourse – dislocated – expl – fixed – flat – flat:foreign – goeswith – iobj – list – mark – nmod – nmod:npmod – nmod:poss – nmod:tmod – nsubj – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:npmod – obl:tmod – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Morphology

Tags

Nominal Features

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

Other Features

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

Relations Overview