UD for Tupinamba 
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- In general, words are delimited by whitespace characters. Description of exceptions follows.
- According to typographical rules, many punctuation marks are attached to a neighboring word. We always tokenize them as separate tokens (words);
- There are no adjectives in Tupinambá. Modification is made by composition, so when a lexical root is modified by another a new word appears as in kuɲãporaŋ (kuɲã ‘woman’ + poraŋ ‘beauty’). Such words are treated as multiword tokens.
Mapping UPOS to XPOS for Tupinambá: UPOS | XPOS | :—-: | :——: | ADV | adv | INTJ | intj | NOUN | n | PROPN | ppn | VERB | v, vi, vt| ADP | pp | AUX | aux | CCONJ | cc | DET | det | NUM | num | PART | pcl | PRON | pro | SCONJ | sc | PUNCT | punct | SYM | sym | X | x |
Morphology
- Tupinambá nouns are not marked for gender. Number is optionally marked.
- Nous can take the following Cases:
TraandLoc. There different locatives, which areasigned the following features:Case=LocPunc(punctual locative),CASE=LocDif(diffuse locative). - What has been traditionally called circunstantial mood or indicative II in some Tupí-Guaraní languages referes to the nominalization of a predicate and the fronting of an adverbial expression. The nominalized form of the verb takes
Nomz=Circas feature and value.
Tags
This is an overview only. For more detailed discussion and examples, see the list of Czech POS tags and Czech features.
- Tupinambá uses 16 of the 17 universal POS categories. ADJ is not used.
- The copula with non-verbal predicates.
- The (de)verbal forms used, are: infinitive
Inf, finite verbFin, tagged, converbConv, gerundGer. - Since Tupinambá is an omnipredicative language, the referential, marker (a ̴ ∅) is treated as Case (
Case=Ref) in the treebank, despite its function, which is nothing like that of nominal cases. This marker allows lexeical roots to function as arguments of predicates.
Features
- The relational markers
Rel, which indicate contiguity or non-contiguity between a head and its dependent, take respectively the following features:Rel=ContandRel=NCont. A third type or rletional indicates that a possessor is not present, neither contiguously or non-contiguously. This relational is taggedRel=Abs, for relational absolute. - As a head marking language, Tupinambá cross-references arguments on the predicate, mostly when the object is third person: a-s-epjak 1.SG-3-see ‘I see him’. The PERSON feature in this case will be
Person=33. - The protmanteau markers, 1 -> 2 are asigned the PERSON feature
Person12SgandPerson12Pl. - Tupinambá is reach in nominalizations. Lxical roots can be nominalized by suffixes that receive the following features: nominalizatin of circusntance
Nomzr=Circ(-saβ ‘thing, way of VERB’), deverbal passive nominalizationNomzr=DevPass(-pɨr ‘one that is VERB’).
Instruction: Describe inherent and inflectional features for major word classes (at least NOUN and VERB). Describe other noteworthy features. Include links to language-specific feature definitions if any.
Syntax
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
As a head-marking language, core arguments, except oblique core arguments are cross-referenced on the predicate, as in the example below:
asepjak
a-s-epjak
1.SG-3-see
I see her/him/it/them
This is the case only when the object is third-person. For this reason the feature Person takes values combining both arguments (A dn P): Person=13, Person=23, and Person=33. No othe combinations occur.
Instruction: Give criteria for identifying core arguments (subjects and objects), and describe the range of copula constructions in nonverbal clauses. List all subtype relations used. Include links to language-specific relations definitions if any.
Treebanks
There are N Tupinamba UD treebanks:
Instruction: Treebank-specific pages are generated automatically from the README file in the treebank repository and
from the data in the latest release. Link to the respective *-index.html page in the treebanks folder, using the language code
and the treebank code in the file name.