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UD for Tupinamba

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Words are delimited by whitespace characters
According to typographical rules, many punctuation marks are attached to a neighboring word. They are given as separate tokens (words);
There are no adjectives in Tupinambá. Modification is made by composition, juxtaposing lexical roots, so when a lexical root is modified by another a new word appears as in kuɲãporaŋ(a) ‘beautiful woman’ (kuɲã ‘woman’ + poraŋ-(a) ‘beauty’). Such words are treated sometimes as multiword tokens, sometimes as a single word.
Some compound words from Portuguese are written as one word, e.g. santaCruz ‘holy cross’.

Morphology

UPOS	XPOS
ADJ	adj
ADV	adv
INTJ	intj
NOUN	n
PROPN	ppn
VERB	v, vi, vt
ADP	pp
AUX	aux
CCONJ	cc
DET	det
NUM	num
PART	pcl
PRON	pro
SCONJ	sc
PUNCT	punct
SYM	sym
X	x

Nominal Features

Tupinambá nouns are not marked for gender. Number is optionally marked by the lexical root etá .
Nous can take the following Cases: Tra, Loc, All, Per, Dat.
NOUN, PROPN and PRON, are not marked for Gender.
Personal Pronouns and Person Markers distinguish Number(Singular or Plural). They also distinguish Clusivity in the 1^st person plural.
The relational markers Rel, which indicate contiguity or non-contiguity between a head and its dependent, take respectively the following features: Rel=Cont and Rel=NCont. A third type or relational indicates that a possessor is not present, neither contiguously or non-contiguously. This relational is tagged Rel=Abs, for absolute. The reflexive/correferential morpheme o. which is often referred to as ‘relational₃’ is associated with the feature-value Reflex=Yes.
Tupinambá is reach in nominalizations. Lexical roots can be nominalized by suffixes that receive the following features: nominalizatin of circusntance Nomzr=Circ (-saβ ‘thing, way of VERB’), passive nominalization Nomzr=Pas, deverbal passive nominalization Nomzr=DevPass (-pɨr ‘one that is VERB past participle’), Nomzr=Ag(-sar ‘the VERB-_er_’).
Nouns may also be reduplicated in both ways denoting: plurality, collectivity, superlativity, and other semantic nuances. Numerals may also be reduplicated in order to indicate distribution.
Nouns are also marked for tense.
As an omnipredicative language, lexical roots in Tupinambá are existential predicates. In order to function as arguments, the referential marker (a ̴ ∅), is required (marked as Case=Ref) despite its function being nothing like that of nominal cases.

Verbal Features

Verbs have a lexical Aspect: imperfective (Imp), perfective (Perf), iterative (Iter).
As a head marking language, Tupinambá cross-references both arguments of a two-place predicate, S and O, only when O is third person: a-s-epjak 1.SG-3(RELNCONT)-see ‘I see him/her/it/them’. The PERSON feature in this case ha sthe value Person=13 indicating that A is 1^st and O 3^rd person.
The protmanteau markers indicating 1 -> 2 (A is 1^st and U is 2^nd person) are asigned the PERSON feature Person12Sg and Person12Pl.
The lexical root in the gerund (VerbForm=Ger) is marked as VERB even when combining with a relational.
Verbs are marked for aspect: Compl (completive), Iter (Iterative), Suc Successive.
Verbs are also marked for mood: Perm (permissive).
Lexical roots may be reduplicated in two differentways: monosylabic reduplication (Red=Mo), disylabic reduplication (Red=Di). The modify the aspect of the verb in different ways: disylabic reduplication indicate the repetition or duration of an action; monosylabic reduplication indicates iteration of the action. —

Syntax

As a head-marking language, core arguments, except oblique core arguments are cross-referenced on the predicate, as in the example below:

asepjak 

a-s-epjak

1.SG-3-see

I see her/him/it/them

This is the case only when the object is third-person. For this reason the feature Person takes values combining both arguments (A dn P): Person=13, Person=23, and Person=33. No othe combinations occur.

The order of arguments cross-referenced on the predicate is SOV. Full NPs associated with core arguments may appear in any order. These NPs are marked as obl ‘ obliques’, since they are not the core arguments.
What has been traditionally called circunstantial mood or indicative II in some Tupí-Guaraní languages referes to a nominalization accompanied by the fronting of an adverbial expression: adverbs, adverbial expressions, postpositional phrases (oblique topicalization). The nominalized form in this case is marked by the feature-value OblTop=Yes. Transitivity is found only with third person objects.

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Treebanks

There is 1 Tupinamba UD treebank:

Tupinamba-A

Instruction: Treebank-specific pages are generated automatically from the README file in the treebank repository and from the data in the latest release. Link to the respective *-index.html page in the treebanks folder, using the language code and the treebank code in the file name.