InflClass[nominal]: nominal inflectional class of nominal verbal forms
| Values: | IndEurA | IndEurO | IndEurX | IndEurI | IndEurU | Ind |
The nominal layer for InflClass uses the same values as InflClass to distinguish the declensions of nominal forms of verbs, whose first-layer InflClass already refers to a conjugation class. It can thus be observed that nominal forms of verbs can maximally belong to two inflectional paradigms at the same time.
- Overview of possible
InflClass[nominal]values with the verb amo ‘to love’ (InflClass=LatA) as an example:
| Nominal form(s) | Reference form(s) | InflClass[nominal] |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect/future participle, gerundive/gerund | amatus, amaturus, amandus | IndEurA or IndEurO, according to Gender (Fem and Masc/Neut respectively) |
Like first-class adjectives |
| Present participle | amans | IndEurI |
Like most second-class adjectives and third-declension nouns with i stem |
| Supine | amatu | IndEurU |
Only appears in the ablative and accusative cases |
| Present/perfect infinitives | amare, amari, amauisse | Ind° |
Indeclinable verbal noun |
(Note: in the following m = masculine gender, f = feminine, n =neuter.)
° deprecated
IndEurA: first declension of nominal forms
Perfect and future participles, gerundives, and all superlative forms thereof (not all equally attested, but possible) follow the first declension in the feminine (like first-class adjectives).
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Nominative singular form (f) |
|---|---|
| Perfect participle | amata |
| Future participle | amatura |
| Gerundive | amanda |
| Superlatives | amatissima, amaturissima, amandissima |
Examples
- uisae ‘seen (gen./dat. sing. f., nom./voc. plur. f.)’
- moritura ‘(who/which is) going to die (nom./voc./abl. sing. f.)’
- delendis ‘(who/which has) to be obliterated (dat./abl. plur. f.)’
- uigilantissimarum ‘most watchful (gen. plur. f.)’
IndEurO: second declension of nominal forms
Perfect and future participles, gerundives/gerunds, and all superlative forms thereof (not all equally attested, but possible) follow the second declension in the masculine/neuter (like first-class adjectives).
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Nominative singular forms (m/n) |
|---|---|
| Perfect participle | amatus/amatum |
| Future participle | amaturus/amaturum |
| Gerundive | amandus/amandum |
| Superlatives | amatissimus/amatissimum, amaturissimus/amaturissimum, amandissimus/amandissimum |
Examples
- uisi ‘seen (gen. sing. m./n., nom./voc. plur. m.)’
- moriturus ‘(who/which is) going to die (nom. sing. m.)’
- delendis ‘(who/which has) to be obliterated (dat./abl. plur. m./n.)’
- uigilantissimorum ‘most watchful (gen. plur. m.)’
IndEurX: third declension of nominal forms (consonant stems)
Only comparative forms of participles and gerundives (not all equally attested, but possible) show this declension type for all three genders.
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Nominative singular forms (m/f/n) |
|---|---|
| Present participle | amantior/amantior/amantius |
| Perfect participle | amatior/amatior/amatius |
| Future participle | amaturior/amaturior/amaturius |
| Gerundive | amandior/amandior/amandius |
Examples
- uidentioris ‘more seeing (gen. sing. m./f./n.)’
- secutior ‘more followed (nom. sing. m./f.)’
- deleturius ‘more (going) to be obliterated (nom./acc./voc. sing. n.)’
- uigilandioribus ‘to be more watched over (dat./abl. plur. m./f./n.)’
IndEurI: third declension of nominal forms (i stems)
Present participles (like second-class adjectives) follow the third i-stem declension for all three genders.
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Nominative singular forms (m/f/n) |
|---|---|
| Present participle | amans/amans/amans |
Examples
- uidentium ‘seeing (gen. plur. m./f./n.)’
IndEurU: fourth declension of nominal forms
The supine is a defective verbal noun belonging to the fourth declension, appearing only in the accusative and ablative cases.
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Forms |
|---|---|
| Supine | amatum, amatu |
Examples
- uisu ‘with regard to seeing [smth.] (abl.)’
- scriptum ‘[going/coming/… somewhere to] write (acc.)’
Ind: indeclinable nominal forms (deprecated)
All infinitives are indeclinable verbal nouns (and they are not marked for Case, Gender nor Number).
- Example: amo ‘to love’
| Nominal form(s) | Form |
|---|---|
| Present active infinitive | amare |
| Present passive infinitive | amari |
| Perfect (active) infinitive | amauisse |
| [Future active infinitive (archaic) | *amassere ] |
Examples
- uidēre ‘to see’
- sequi ‘to follow’ (deponent verb)
- audiuisse ‘to have heard’
- deargentassere ‘to be going to deprive of money’ (Lucil., Sat. 682)