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nmod:unmarked: unmarked nominal modifier

The nmod:unmarked relation is used for nominal modifiers of nouns where there is no preposition and Case=Nom. If there is a preposition or Case=Gen we use nmod instead.

Examples

Dialects

urrainn ‘can’ usually expects the person who can to be indicated with the preposition do but there are some dialects where the bare pronoun in used. In the following example it would be usual to say Cha b’ urrainn dha.

Cha b’ urrainn e innse ciamar a gheibheadh e air ais. ‘He could not say how he got back’ (n05_006, train)

edit

  

    
input
    
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info
  
1	Cha	cha	PART	Qn	PartType=Vb|Polarity=Neg	3	mark:prt	_	_
2	b'	is	AUX	Ws	Tense=Past	3	cop	_	_
3	urrainn	urrainn	NOUN	Uf	_	0	root	_	_
4	e	e	PRON	Pp3sm	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	innse	inns	NOUN	Nv	VerbForm=Vnoun	3	csubj:cop	_	_
6	ciamar	ciamar	PRON	Uq	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
7	a	a	PART	Q-r	PartType=Vb|PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
8	gheibheadh	geibh	VERB	V-h	Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	e	e	PRON	Pp3sm	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
10	air	air	ADP	Sp	_	11	case	_	_
11	ais	ais	NOUN	Nf	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "PART", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AUX", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "PRON", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "NOUN", [ [ 17, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "PRON", [ [ 23, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "PART", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "VERB", [ [ 32, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "PRON", [ [ 43, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T10", "ADP", [ [ 45, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T11", "NOUN", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-A1", "PartType", "embedded-1-S1-T1", "Vb" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A2", "Polarity", "embedded-1-S1-T1", "Neg" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A3", "Tense", "embedded-1-S1-T2", "Past" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A4", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A5", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A6", "Person", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "3" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A7", "PronType", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A8", "VerbForm", "embedded-1-S1-T5", "Vnoun" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A9", "PronType", "embedded-1-S1-T6", "Int" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A10", "PartType", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "Vb" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A11", "PronType", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "Rel" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A12", "Mood", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A13", "VerbForm", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A14", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A15", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A16", "Person", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "3" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A17", "PronType", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Prs" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "mark:prt", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R4", "csubj:cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R5", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R6", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R7", "acl:relcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R8", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R9", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R10", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: cha" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Qn" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: is" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ws" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: urrainn" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Uf" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: e" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Pp3sm" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: inns" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nv" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ciamar" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Uq" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: a" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Q-r" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: geibh" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V-h" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: e" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Pp3sm" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: air" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Sp" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ais" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nf" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: SpaceAfter=No" ] ],
    "styles": [],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "Cha b' urrainn e innse ciamar a gheibheadh e air ais",
    "error": true
}

Indeclinables

Used where a nominal modifier is a noun and would normally be in the genitive form but has not been declined as it is a borrowing or a foreign name.

• fo chomain aig obair Flinn ‘under an obligation to the work of Flinn’ (fp09_014)
• Thèid rannsachadh post-mortem a dhèanamh an-diugh ‘A post-mortem examination will be done today’ (ns08_000)

Indeclinable toponyms and borrowings are still annotated with Case=Gen where:

• they are preceded by the correct genitive form of the article
• or some effort has been made to match Gaelic grammar through lenition: Bhosnia, mhillennium
• or the genitive form in contemporary usage is identical with the nominative: Alba ‘Scotland’, Astràilia ‘Australia’, Idhe ‘Iona’, Ròcabarraigh ‘Rockall’

Interrogatives

Where they precede a noun rather than a relative clause, they are currently annotated as nmod:unmarked.

gu dé na tréithean litreachail a dh’éirich mar thoradh ‘what literary traits arose as a result’ (fp09_002)

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input
    
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info
  
gu dé na tréithean litreachail a dh’éirich mar thoradh
nmod:unmarked(gu, tréithean)
fixed(dé, gu)
det(na, tréithean)
{
    "text": "gu dé na tréithean litreachail a dh’éirich mar thoradh ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 9, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 47, 54 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Noun chains in the genitive

Where there is a complex noun phrase of the form X of the Y of the Z (of the…) only the last noun in the chain has the article or is in the genitive. This last noun is connected to its predecessor by nmod and the intermediate ones in the chain are connected by nmod:unmarked.

leithid cruth nan sùilean ‘such as the shape of the eyes’ (fp04_036, train)

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info
  
leithid cruth nan sùilean
nmod:unmarked(cruth, leithid)
det(nan, sùilean)
nmod(sùilean, cruth)
{
    "text": "leithid cruth nan sùilean ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 25 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

Note that toponyms behave as a single unit. In the following example loch is in the genitive form locha:

Nighean Rìgh Locha Trèig ‘the daughter of the King of Loch Treig’ (n07_000, train)

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info
  
Nighean Rìgh Locha Trèig
nmod:unmarked(Rìgh, Nighean)
nmod(Locha, Rìgh)
flat:name(Trèig, Locha)
{
    "text": "Nighean Rìgh Locha Trèig ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "flat:name", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Reflexive pronouns

Bett fhèin a’ ruith suas ‘Bett himself running up’ (s09_017)

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Bett fhèin a' ruith suas
nmod:unmarked(Bett, fhèin)
{
    "text": "Bett fhèin a' ruith suas ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 24 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

Years

This relation is also used in phrases like sa bhliadhna 1774 ‘in the year 1774’ to link the year to the word for year.

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info
  
1-2	sa	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
1	anns	an	ADP	Sp	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	an	ADP	Sp	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	bhliadhna	bliadhna	NOUN	Ncsfd	Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	0	obl	_	_
4	1774	1774	NUM	Mn	_	3	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "ADP", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 8, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "NUM", [ [ 18, 22 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Dat" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A2", "Gender", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "fixed", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "nmod:unmarked", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: an" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Sp" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: an" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Sp" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: bliadhna" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ncsfd" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: 1774" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Mn" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: SpaceAfter=No" ] ],
    "styles": [],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "anns an bhliadhna 1774\nsa bhliadhna 1774",
    "error": true
}

---

nmod:unmarked in other languages: [cop] [en] [he]

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