nmod:unmarked: unmarked nominal modifier
The nmod:unmarked relation is used for nominal modifiers of nouns where there is no preposition and Case=Nom.
If there is a preposition or Case=Gen we use nmod instead.
Examples
Dialects
urrainn ‘can’ usually expects the person who can to be indicated with the preposition do but there are some dialects where the bare pronoun in used. In the following example it would be usual to say Cha b’ urrainn dha.
Cha b’ urrainn e innse ciamar a gheibheadh e air ais. ‘He could not say how he got back’ (n05_006, train)
1 Cha cha PART Qn PartType=Vb|Polarity=Neg 3 mark:prt _ _
2 b' is AUX Ws Tense=Past 3 cop _ _
3 urrainn urrainn NOUN Uf _ 0 root _ _
4 e e PRON Pp3sm Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:unmarked _ _
5 innse inns NOUN Nv VerbForm=Vnoun 3 csubj:cop _ _
6 ciamar ciamar PRON Uq PronType=Int 5 obj _ _
7 a a PART Q-r PartType=Vb|PronType=Rel 8 advmod _ _
8 gheibheadh geibh VERB V-h Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _
9 e e PRON Pp3sm Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _
10 air air ADP Sp _ 11 case _ _
11 ais ais NOUN Nf _ 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
Indeclinables
Used where a nominal modifier is a noun and would normally be in the genitive form but has not been declined as it is a borrowing or a foreign name.
- fo chomain aig obair Flinn ‘under an obligation to the work of Flinn’ (fp09_014)
- Thèid rannsachadh post-mortem a dhèanamh an-diugh ‘A post-mortem examination will be done today’ (ns08_000)
Indeclinable toponyms and borrowings are still annotated with Case=Gen where:
- they are preceded by the correct genitive form of the article
- or some effort has been made to match Gaelic grammar through lenition: Bhosnia, mhillennium
- or the genitive form in contemporary usage is identical with the nominative: Alba ‘Scotland’, Astràilia ‘Australia’, Idhe ‘Iona’, Ròcabarraigh ‘Rockall’
Interrogatives
Where they precede a noun rather than a relative clause, they are currently annotated as nmod:unmarked.
gu dé na tréithean litreachail a dh’éirich mar thoradh ‘what literary traits arose as a result’ (fp09_002)
gu dé na tréithean litreachail a dh’éirich mar thoradh
nmod:unmarked(gu, tréithean)
fixed(dé, gu)
det(na, tréithean)
Noun chains in the genitive
Where there is a complex noun phrase of the form X of the Y of the Z (of the…) only the last noun in the chain has the article or is in the genitive.
This last noun is connected to its predecessor by nmod and the intermediate ones in the chain are connected by nmod:unmarked.
leithid cruth nan sùilean ‘such as the shape of the eyes’ (fp04_036, train)
leithid cruth nan sùilean
nmod:unmarked(cruth, leithid)
det(nan, sùilean)
nmod(sùilean, cruth)
Note that toponyms behave as a single unit. In the following example loch is in the genitive form locha:
Nighean Rìgh Locha Trèig ‘the daughter of the King of Loch Treig’ (n07_000, train)
Nighean Rìgh Locha Trèig
nmod:unmarked(Rìgh, Nighean)
nmod(Locha, Rìgh)
flat:name(Trèig, Locha)
Reflexive pronouns
Bett fhèin a’ ruith suas ‘Bett himself running up’ (s09_017)
Bett fhèin a' ruith suas
nmod:unmarked(Bett, fhèin)
Years
This relation is also used in phrases like sa bhliadhna 1774 ‘in the year 1774’ to link the year to the word for year.
1-2 sa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 anns an ADP Sp _ 3 case _ _
2 an an ADP Sp _ 1 fixed _ _
3 bhliadhna bliadhna NOUN Ncsfd Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 obl _ _
4 1774 1774 NUM Mn _ 3 nmod:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No
nmod:unmarked in other languages: [cop] [en] [gd] [he]