aux

home en/dep edit page issue tracker

`aux`: auxiliary

An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or a form of be, do or have in a periphrastic tense.

(Contrary to the older SD and arguments of Pullum (1982) and following, infinitive to is not analyzed as an auxiliary. Instead, it is analyzed as a mark.)



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Reagan has died
aux(died-3, has-2)
{
    "text": "Reagan has died ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 15 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
He should leave
aux(leave-3, should-2)
{
    "text": "He should leave ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

8093 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.

8066 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.71271469170888.

The following 17 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: VERB-AUX (7258; 90% instances), ADJ-AUX (410; 5% instances), NOUN-AUX (252; 3% instances), ADV-AUX (59; 1% instances), PROPN-AUX (33; 0% instances), ADJ-VERB (24; 0% instances), VERB-VERB (14; 0% instances), NUM-AUX (11; 0% instances), PRON-AUX (8; 0% instances), ADP-AUX (7; 0% instances), DET-AUX (5; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (5; 0% instances), AUX-AUX (3; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (1; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (1; 0% instances), SYM-AUX (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 aux	color:blue
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 5 aux	color:blue
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	weekend	weekend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:tmod	_	_
4	i	i	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rock	rock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 6 aux	color:blue
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	Google	Google	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_

aux in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

aux: auxiliary

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

`aux`: auxiliary