obl: oblique nominal
The obl relation is used for nominals functioning as a non-core argument or adjunct of a predicate, where the nominal may include some nominal marker. In Mandarin Chinese this may include prepositional phrases (1), and a few preverbal coverb phrases where we treat the coverbs as prepositions instead of verbs (these are coverbs where verbal marking is not allowed, such as 為咗 / wai4zo5 ‘for, for the sake of’, 由 / jau4 ‘from’; see 2 and 3). In each of these situations, the nominal is an obl dependent of the predicate, and governs its marker (tagged as ADP in all cases) in a case relation.
For nominals introduced by 畀 bei2 and 將 zoeng1 in preverbal position, see obl:agent and obl:patient, respectively.
The relation can also be used for nominals that don’t include a nominal marker, specifically locational pronouns and nouns, such as 呢度 / ni1dou6 “here”, 嗰度 / go2dou6 “there”, 前面 / cin4min6 “front side” (4). For temporal nouns functioning as adjuncts, see obl:tmod.
# visual-style 2 7 obl color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 佢 _ PRON _ _ 2 nsubj _ 3SG
2 寄 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ mail
3 咗 _ AUX _ _ 2 aux _ PERF
4 封 _ NOUN _ _ 5 det _ CL:letter
5 信 _ NOUN _ _ 2 obj _ letter
6 畀 _ ADP _ _ 7 case _ to
7 我哋 _ PRON _ _ 2 obl _ 3PL
1 "She _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 sent _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 letter _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 to _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 us." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 7 3 obl color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 佢 _ PRON _ _ 7 nsubj _ 3SG
2 為咗 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ for
3 錢 _ NOUN _ _ 7 obl _ money
4 乜嘢 _ PRON _ _ 7 dislocated _ anything
5 都 _ ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ also
6 肯 _ AUX _ _ 7 aux _ be-willing
7 做 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ do
1 "He's _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 willing _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 to _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 do _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 anything _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 for _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 money." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 obl color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 由 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ toward
2 呢邊 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl _ this-side
3 行 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ walk
4 過去 _ VERB _ _ 3 compound:dir _ go-over
5 就 _ ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ then
6 見 _ VERB _ _ 3 conj _ see
7 到 _ VERB _ _ 6 compound:vv _ arrive
8 嘅 _ PART _ _ 6 discourse:sp _ SP
9 喇 _ PART _ _ 6 discourse:sp _ SP
1 "Walk _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 over _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 this _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 side _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 and _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 you'll _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 see _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 it." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 5 3 obl color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
1 佢 _ PRON _ _ 2 nsubj _ 3SG
2 話 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ say
3 呢度 _ PRON _ _ 5 obl _ here
4 細菌 _ NOUN _ _ 5 nsubj _ bacteria
5 多 _ ADJ _ _ 2 ccomp _ many
1 "He _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 says _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 there _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 are _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 lot _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 of _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 bacteria _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 here." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
obl in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [en] [ess] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [uz] [vi] [yue] [zh]